Propagation of incoherently soliton pairs in photorefractive crystals under steady-state conditions is studied. These soliton states can be generated when the two mutually incoherent optical beams with the same polarization and wavelength incident on the biased photorefractive crystal. Such soliton pairs can exist in bright-bright, dark-dark, gray-gray as well as in bright-dark types. In this p...

Analytic expressions for four-wave-mixing terms in an ideal, lossless wavelength–division-multiplexed soliton system are derived with an asymptotic expansion of the N-soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The four-wave contributions are shown to grow from a vanishing background and then to decay. Their importance becomes evident in real, nonideal fibers, where they grow by an ...

We study nucleon structure functions within the bosonized version of the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model in which the nucleon emerges as the soliton in the chiral field. Upon boosting to the infinite momentum frame and performing the q–evolution in the context of the Gottfried sum rule for electron nucleon scattering we determine the intrinsic scale μ of the NJL chiral soliton. We also compute t...

We review the recent developments in our understanding of non-BPS states and branes in string theory. The topics include 1) construction of unstable non-BPS D-branes in type IIA and type IIB string theories, 2) construction of stable non-BPS D-branes on various orbifolds and orientifolds of type II string theories, 3) description of BPS and non-BPS D-branes as tachyonic soliton solutions on bra...

in this paper, we obtained the 1-soliton solutions of the symmetric regularized long wave (srlw) equation and the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equations. solitary wave ansatz method is used to carry out the integration of the equations and obtain topological soliton solutions the physical parameters in the soliton solutions are obtained as functions of the dependent coefficients. note t...

The Bekenstein-Hawking area-entropy relation SBH = A/4 is derived for a class of five-dimensional extremal black holes in string theory by counting the degeneracy of BPS soliton bound states.

Within the collective coordinate approach to chiral soliton models we suggest that breaking of SU(3) flavor symmetry mainly resides in the baryon wave–functions while the charge operators maintain a symmetric structure. Sizable symmetry breaking in the wave–functions is required to reproduce the observed spacing in the spectrum of the 1 2 + baryons. The matrix elements of the flavor symmetric c...

The role played by torsion of magnetic vortex line curves or filaments, in the equilibrium state of magnetars is investigated. When the magnetars equilibrium equations are written in terms Frenet-Serret frame it is shown that in regions of the magnetic star where the Frenet torsion is constant it induces an oscillation in the vortex filaments. By solving the magnetar equilibrium equation we sho...

The 1/Nc expansion of QCD provides a valuable semiquantitative tool to study baryon scattering amplitudes and the short-lived baryon resonances embedded within them. A generalization of methods originally applied in chiral soliton models in the 1980’s provides the key to deriving a rigorous 1/Nc expansion. One obtains model-independent relations among amplitudes that impose mass and width degen...