The final outcome of a nuclear Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is generally inaccurate and imprecise. This is primarily because not all risk contributors are addressed in the analysis, and there are state-of-knowledge uncertainties about input parameters and how models should be constructed. In this thesis, we formulate two measures, risk significance (RS) and risk change significance (RCS)...

Abstract The disasters associated with landslides and floods forced the Brazilian Federal Government to launch, in 2003, a program aimed at encouraging development of Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plans (PMRRs - Planos Municipais de Redução Riscos). Given uniqueness this action variety institutions accounting for executing these plans, which involve different material human resources...

BACKGROUND A major marketing technique used by pharmaceutical companies is direct-to-physician marketing. This form of marketing frequently employs promotional marketing brochures, based on clinical research, which may influence how a physician prescribes medicines. This study's objective was to investigate whether or not the information in promotional brochures presented to physicians by pharm...

one of the most important duties of government in public health sector is to provide secured sources for medicines supply. there are some regulations for domestic pharmaceutical industry. in addition, there is a discipline for importing medicine to be ensured about their claimed characteristics. in medicines registration process, moh (fdo in iran) assess ‘safety’, ‘quality’ and ‘efficacy’ of me...

Harm reduction, which proved its worth with HIV/AIDS, can help stem the covid-19 pandemic by helping people change their behaviour. Carrie Arnold explains how

Two hundred eleven male street prostitutes between the ages of 18 and 51 years were interviewed and tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Economic, social, and emotional barriers to the reduction of HIV-related risk behavior were examined within the context of several concepts present in the Health Belief Model (HBM). Three lifestyle factors were found to function as ...

For 30 years, more attention and resources have been expended on dissecting problems (risk assessment) than on evaluating actual solutions that reduce risks. The basic dogma holds that risk assessment must precede risk management. But there is an opposite and perhaps better way: the opening question should not be “How bad is the problem?” but “How good are the solutions we might apply to the pr...