During the 2000s, however, housing put itself on the agenda. Increased interest in housing was reflected in academic literature, in media commentary and in government and industry concerns. At the macroeconomic level, the start of the decade brought the chicken and egg problem of rising house prices and increasing housing debt. This raised concerns about the impact of increasing housing debt on...

NGC 1275 in the centre of the Perseus cluster of galaxies, Abell 426, is surrounded by a spectacular filamentary Hα nebula. Deep Chandra X-ray imaging has revealed that the brighter outer filaments are also detected in soft X-rays. This can be due to conduction and mixing of the cold gas in the filaments with the hot, dense intracluster medium. We show the correspondence of the filaments in bot...

An electrostatic induction technique was used to determine both drop size distribution and concentration of bacteria in the film drops produced by bubbles bursting at the surface of a suspension of Serratia marcescens. Film drops are produced from the collapse of the thin film of water that just before bursting separates the air in the bubble from the atmosphere. Bubbles of 1.7-mm diameter prod...

We present a dynamic van der Waals theory starting with entropy and energy functional with gradient contributions. The resultant hydrodynamic equations contain the stress arising from the density gradient. It provides a general scheme of two-phase hydrodynamics involving the gas-liquid transition in nonuniform temperature. Some complex hydrodynamic processes with evaporation and condensation ar...

The rise of bubbles in viscous liquids is not only a very common process in many industrial applications, but also an important fundamental problem in fluid physics. An improved numerical algorithm based on the front tracking method, originally proposed by Tryggvason and his coworkers, has been validated against experiments over a wide range of intermediate Reynolds and Bond numbers using an ax...

In this paper, the 3D Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation and Cahn–Hilliard (C–H) equations were solved using a free-energy-based lattice Boltzmann (LB) model. In this model, a LB equation with a D3Q19 velocity model is used to recover continuity and N–S equations while another LB equation with D3Q7 velocity model for solving C–H equation (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 2008; 56:1653–1671) is applied to...

Recent Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of galaxy cluster cooling flows have revealed X-ray emission voids of up to 30 kpc in size that have been identified with buoyant, magnetized bubbles. Motivated by these observations, we have investigated the behavior of rising bubbles in stratified atmospheres using the Flash adaptive-mesh simulation code. We present results from 2-D simulations with ...

Following our previous work on the application of the diffuse interface coupled lattice Boltzmann-level set (LB-LS) approach to benchmark computations for 2D rising bubble simulations, this paper investigates the performance of the coupled scheme in 3D two-phase flows. In particular, the use of different lattice stencils, e. g., D3Q15, D3Q19 and D3Q27 is studied and the results for 3D rising bu...

The design of bubble column for industrial applications is well known under near ambient pressure and temperature conditions, contrary to high conditions. Accurate data on the evolution behaviour bubbles proposed as a basis evaluation surface area developed in further such reactor. Two columns are used experiments: small (8 mL) with total visualisation flow, bigger one (1 L), necessary scale up...

In the movement process of continuous bubbles, different liquid-flow state and initial temperature bubbles have important influence on bubble heat transfer. this study, flow transfer characteristics high in normal liquid are investigated. The rising studied by numerical simulation compared with experimental results for verification. show that shape, velocity affected position bubble. Because cl...