Field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC), also called vector control, are most famous control methods in high-performance motor applications. If we want to specify the basic handicaps of both methods: the FOC has parameter dependence while the DTC has high torque ripples. This paper proposes a new adaptive bandwidth approach to reduce torque ripples in DTC controlled inducti...

The discovery in 2004 by Mars exploration rover Opportunity of sedimentary rocks with centimeter-scale trough cross-bedding is one of the compelling lines of evidence for flowing water on the Martian surface. The rocks contain a significant evaporite component mixed with weathered mafic silicates, suggesting that the aqueous fluid in contact with the sediments must have been of very high ionic ...

The metallographically polished polycrystalline Sn surface was sputtered by 30 kV focused Ga ions at room temperature. The experiment was carried out using various FIB incidence angles (08, 158, 308, and 458) over a wide range of doses (10– 10 ions/cm). The surface morphology was carefully characterized under the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope...

Abstract Most numerical research on thermoacoustic devices with a stack made of parallel plates has considered rectangular form for the plate. However, variety plate shapes can improve heat transfer and performance stack. In this paper, 2D model based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used to examine efficiency couples using diversity surfaces. For investigation, flat others profil...

An algorithm for simulating wind-ripples and moving sand is extended by the detection of fixed objects. This permits us simulation and animation of sand interacting with objects like houses, highways, cactuses, etc. Sand is accumulated on the windward side of an obstacle and the sand relocation and wind-ripples formation is diminished on the leeward side. The wind shadow depends on the object’s...

Hippocampal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are prominent in physiological and pathological conditions. During physiological ripples (100-200 Hz), few pyramidal cells fire together coordinated by rhythmic inhibitory potentials. In the epileptic hippocampus, fast ripples (>200 Hz) reflect population spikes (PSs) from clusters of bursting cells, but HFOs in the ripple and the fast ripple range...

A time-dependent extension of the reduced wave equation of Berkhoff is developed for the case of waves propagating over a bed consisting of ripples superimposed on an otherwise slowly varying mean depth which satisfies the mild-slope assumption. The ripples are assumed to have wavelengths on the order of the surface wavelength but amplitudes which scale as a small parameter along with the botto...

We investigate the observational requirements for the detection of sound-wave-like features in galaxy cluster cores. We calculate the effect of projection on the observed wave amplitude, and find that the projection factor depends only weakly on the underlying cluster properties but strongly on the wavelength of the sound waves, with the observed amplitude being reduced by a factor ∼ 5 for 5 kp...

In previous studies, it has proved difficult to realize periodic graphene ripples with wavelengths of a few nanometers. Here we show that one-dimensional (1D) periodic graphene ripples with wavelengths from 2 nm to tens of nanometers can be implemented in the intrinsic areas of a continuous mosaic (locally N-doped) graphene monolayer by simultaneously using both the thermal strain engineering a...