The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of propagules source and the implication of tree size class on the spatial pattern of Xylopia brasiliensis Spreng. individuals growing under the canopy of an experimental plantation of eucalyptus. To this end, all individuals of Xylopia brasiliensis with diameter at soil height (dsh) > 1 cm were mapped in the understory of a 3.16 ha Eu...

Why do we build models? There are two basic reasons: explanation or prediction (Ripley, 2004). Using large ensembles of models for prediction is commonplace, but is rarely used for explanation, where we typically choose one “best” model. When there are several equally good models, it is common sense to look at them too, but can the “bad” models tell us something as well? This paper describes ex...

This paper provides a unified solution to two puzzles involving vagueness and scalar adjectives of the absolute lexical class (ex. bald, empty, straight etc.). The first puzzle concerns the proper analysis of the relationship between contextual effects associated with absolute adjectives and those associated with relative adjectives like tall, long or expensive. The dominant view in philosophy ...

Chromatin is a major nuclear component, and it is an active matter of debate to understand its different levels of spatial organization, as well as its implication in gene regulation. Measurements of nuclear chromatin compaction were recently used to understand how DNA is folded inside the nucleus and to detect cellular dysfunctions such as cancer. Super-resolution imaging opens new possibiliti...

Ripley’s K(t) function is a tool to analyze completely mapped spatial point process data. Spatial point process data consists of the locations of events. These are usually recorded in 2 dimensions, but they may be locations along a line or in space. Here I will only describe K(t) for 2 dimensional spatial data. Completely mapped data includes the locations of all events in a predefined study ar...

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nanometric lipid bilayer coated particles constitutively released from cells. EVs a heterogeneous population and can be sampled as liquid biopsy. Beyond messengers between cells, act regulators mediators of many processes underlying cancer evolution: inflammation, proliferation, invasion, immune modulation, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition. The aim...

Welcome to the first regular issue of R News for 2006. This is a bumper issue, with a thirteen contributed articles. Many thanks to the contributors and reviewers for all of the enthusiasm and effort that they put into these articles. This issue begins with some “methodological” papers. Peter Ruckdeschel, Matthias Kohl, Thomas Stabla, and Florian Camphausen introduce their distr package, which ...

Welcome to the first regular issue of R News for 2006. This is a bumper issue, with a thirteen contributed articles. Many thanks to the contributors and reviewers for all of the enthusiasm and effort that they put into these articles. This issue begins with some “methodological” papers. Peter Ruckdeschel, Matthias Kohl, Thomas Stabla, and Florian Camphausen introduce their distr package, which ...

The aim of the work reported here was to ascertain that the patterns of labeling seen in isolated bacteroids also occurred in bacteroids in intact nodules and to observe early metabolic events following exposure of intact nodules to (14)CO(2). Intact nodules of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Ripley) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 and pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Progress 9) ino...