Networks generating locomotor-like rhythmic motor activity are formed during the last week of the fetal period in the rat spinal cord. We investigated the coordinated rhythmic motor activity induced in transverse slice preparations of the lumbar spinal cord taken from fetal rats as early as embryonic day (E) 16.5. In slices as thin as 100 microm, bath-application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) i...

There is extensive modulation of cutaneous and H-reflexes during rhythmic leg movement in humans. Mechanisms controlling reflex modulation (e.g., phase- and task-dependent modulation, and reflex reversal) during leg movements have been ascribed to the activity of spinal central pattern generating (CPG) networks and peripheral feedback. Our working hypothesis has been that neural mechanisms (i.e...

background: intramuscular injection is one of the effective methods of drug administration. yet the procedure is painful and avoided if at all possible. this study examines the effectiveness of simultaneous rhythmic breathing and z – track method in prone position with foot internal rotation on reducing the pain of intramuscular injection. methods: this quasi experimental (before and after) stu...

Based on the transfer effects of music training phonological and reading abilities children with dyslexia, a computerized rhythmic intervention—the Rhythmic Reading Training (RRT)—was developed, in which exercises are combined synchronization task. This rehabilitation program was previously tested multiple controlled clinical trials, confirmed its effectiveness improving skills adolescents dysl...

A variety of parrot species have recently gained attention as members of a small group of non-human animals that are capable of coordinating their movements in time with a rhythmic pulse. This capacity is highly developed in humans, who display unparalleled sensitivity to musical beats and appear to prefer rhythmically organized sounds in their music. Do parrots also exhibit a preference for rh...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait patterns in comparison with changes after neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT/Bobath) in adults with cerebral palsy. DESIGN A repeated-measures analysis between the pretreatment and posttreatment tests and a comparison study between groups. SETTING Human gait analysis laboratory. SUBJECTS Twenty-eight cereb...