In Drosophila melanogaster, the patterning of dorsal appendages on the eggshell is strictly controlled by EGFR signaling. However, the number of dorsal appendages is remarkably diverse among Drosophila species. For example, D. melanogaster and D. virilis have two and four dorsal appendages, respectively. Here we show that during oogenesis the expression patterns of rhomboid (rho) and argos (aos...

Introduction A pilonidal sinus or sinus pilonidalus (pilus = hair, nidus = nest) is an acute or chronic inflammation in subcutaneous fat tissue, usually in the coccygeal region. The first report was by Mayo in 1833. The disease affects predominantly young men in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life with an incidence of 26 per 100 000 population, with men affected 3x more frequently than women. Piloni...

The prediction of aerodynamic characteristics and smart flap of airfoil under the ground effect are carried out by the integration of computational fluid dynamics. Considering different types of beams, a parametric bending profile of a smart flap is designed. Cantilever beam with uniformly varying load with roller support at the free end is considered in here. A pressure-based implicit procedur...

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of upper extremity deformities continues to be a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Various loco regional, distant and free flaps are available for reconstruction. However, each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Of the commonly performed local flaps, radial artery forearm flap, and the posterior interosseus artery flap stand out prominently. Rec...

background: the standard methods for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the leg include gastrocnemius flap for proximal third defects, soleus flap for middle third and free flap in the distal third. however, there are problems with the use of free flap, like increased operative time, damage of major vessels and the need for experienced microsurgeon. mathods: this prospective study was und...

abstract background: the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (tram) flap remains the gold standard for postmastectomy reconstruction either immediate or delayed. however, transfer of tram flap can be associated with donor site morbidities and complications in flap. a successful reconstruction consists of careful patient selection, surgical technique and meticulous preoperative planning...

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins are key factors that control pattern formation in invertebrates and vertebrates. The manner in which Hh molecules regulate a target cell remains poorly understood. In the Drosophila embryo, Hh is produced in identical stripes of cells in the posterior compartment of each segment. From these cells a Hh signal acts in both anterior and posterior direc...

Drosophila is a well recognized model of several human diseases, and recent investigations have demonstrated that Drosophila can be used as a model of human heart failure. Previously, we described that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to rapidly examine the cardiac function in adult, awake flies. This technique provides images that are similar to echocardiography in humans, and th...