In Brazil, more than two centuries have passed since the first time (1804) the vaccine was administered as a control measure to prevent smallpox. Exactly a century later (1904), an epidemic of this disease led the President of the Republic Rodrigues Alves, to establish the obligation of the vaccination. In the same year, the hygienist Osvaldo Cruz coordinated the mass vaccination of the Rio de ...

The revolt commanded by Lucifer in the heaven marked a start in the cosmology of Christianity. Although scholars agree the problem of evilness as one of the most vivid contradictions of Catholic Church, it is clear that God forgives its life. Unlike other traditions or mythologies where the Gods kill the dissidents or inflict unbearable torments, Judaism and Christianity continue the dialectic ...

Part II of this essay describes the author's participation in the laboratory course instituted by Eugene Landis at Harvard in 1943, a course that drew heavily on Thomas Lewis's example. He describes in detail his own methods of laboratory teaching at Utah and Michigan when, as department chair, he had the responsibility for organizing courses in physiology for medical students. In conclusion, t...

Frege is the real culprit, rather than Russell. Hintikka views his dispute with Frege as pertaining to "the logic of being" (a phrase apparently coined by him; cf 1979, end of section 10: "Game-theoretical semantics is thus much closer to Aristotle's views on the logic of being than is the received view [Frege's]", emphasis mine, but the theoretical and historiographical opposition to Frege con...

As part of the Special Issue, this article adopts a methodological orientation that works through and with international law’s cultural legal archive. It focuses on one colonial literary artifact shows historical tension between colonization revolution examines traces those constitutive relations in present. The question is an intriguing excursion by British colonial-era judge Palestine entitle...