Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging and promising technology that provides significant improvements over CMOS. Recently QCA has been advocated as an applicant for implementing reversible circuits. However QCA, like other Nanotechnologies, suffers from a high fault rate. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fault tolerant model of QCA circuits by redundancy in hardware a...

Cohn called a ring $R$ is reversible if whenever $ab = 0,$ then $ba = 0$ for $a,bin R.$ The reversible property is an important role in noncommutative ring theory‎. ‎Recently‎, ‎Abdul-Jabbar et al‎. ‎studied the reversible ring property on nilpotent elements‎, ‎introducing‎ the concept of commutativity of nilpotent elements at zero (simply‎, ‎a CNZ ring)‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we extend the CNZ pr...

male fertility significantly decreased in the last 50 years, as showed in several studies reporting a reduction of sperm counts per ml in the seminal fluid. several “acute” pharmacological treatments, as antibiotics, could cause subclinical and temporary reduction of male fertility; conversely, long-term medical treatment may severely affect male fertility, although this effect could be conside...

background: studies have emphasized the effect of trigonella foenum-graecum extract on the reduction of pain and inflammation. objective: in this research we investigated the mechanisms of trigonella foenum-graecum extract in reducing pain and inflammation induced by formalin. methods: male albino mice (weight 20 - 25 g) were evaluated through the injection of 2 microliters of formalin to the p...

This paper is a review of the existing testing algorithms for reversible circuits. Although a great amount of effort has been made on finding means to build reversible gates and circuits, little research has been done on the modeling the faults of reversible circuits according to their process technology and consequently on the development of testing algorithms for reversible circuits. The exis...

We investigate parallelizable schemes for simulating dynamics of conservative systems admitting a decomposition into weakly coupled subsystems. A new method, related to Reversible Averaging [20], is introduced for constrained and unconstrained dynamics. Stability issues are discussed.

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The electrochemical reduction of tetrabutylammonium salts of isostructural pairs of polyoxometalates [Bu4N]2[M6O19], [Bu4N]4[alpha-SiM12O40], and [Bu4N]4[alpha-S2M18O62] (M = Mo or W) has been investigated at glassy carbon electrodes in dissolved and surface-confined states in ionic liquids and other media. In the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF(6)], bet...