A model for species diffusion is presented, with evaporation at a moving free boundary. The resulting problem resembles a one-phase Stefan problem with superheating, but the usual Stefan condition at the moving boundary is replaced by a version which, in the classical setting, would violate conservation of energy. In the fast evaporation limit, however, the problem reduces to a classical nonlin...

The microstructure evolution and compositional variation of Ti3SiC2 cathode surfaces during reactive cathodic arc evaporation are presented for different process conditions. The results show that phase decomposition takes place in the near-surface region, resulting in a 5–50 m thick converted layer that is affected by the presence of nitrogen in the deposition chamber. This layer consists of tw...

Turbulent multi-phase combustion is encountered in a number of engineering applications, such as internal combustion engines and gas-turbine aircraft engines. Therefore, the ability to perform accurate numerical simulations of these systems is of paramount importance to improve their design and efficiency. However, the underlying physics of spray combustion are extremely complicated. The liquid...

Using forced radio-frequency evaporation, we have cooled cesium atoms prepared in the sublevel F = -m(F) = 3 and confined in a magnetic trap. At the end of the evaporation ramp, the sample contains ~ 7000 atoms at 80 nK, corresponding to a phase space density 3 x 10(-2). A molecular dynamics approach, including the effect of gravity, gives a good account for the experimental data, assuming a sc...

We report an experimental investigation of the drying of a deposited drop of whole blood. Flow motion, adhesion, gelation, and fracturation all occur during the evaporation of this complex matter, leading to a final typical pattern. Two distinct regimes of evaporation are highlighted: the first is driven by convection, diffusion, and gelation in a liquid phase, whereas the second, with a much s...

Abstract The steady and stoichiometric delivery of metal-organic precursor mixtures is essential for the production complex, functional nanomaterials in gas phase. Chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) a corresponding process which enables complex oxide nanoparticles such as perovskites. While there exist vast number compositions that form perovskite structures, many technically relevant materials con...

Size dependent stabilities, fragmentation pathways and dissociation energies of a series of gas phase cationic doped gold clusters, Au(n)X+ (3 < or = n < or = 20; X = Y, Er and Nb), and pure Au(n)+ clusters were investigated in photofragmentation experiments. Size dependent stability patterns were obtained and the branching between monomer and dimer evaporation was studied. For bare gold, the c...

introduction: oral delivery is the most favorable route for insulin administration. the aim of this study was to generate new chitosan coated insulin nanoliposomes and then to assess the physiological efficacy of these nanoliposomes after oral administration in diabetic rabbits. methods: nanoliposomes with negative surface charge encapsulating insulin were prepared by reverse phase evaporation ...

A front tracking method is developed to simulate the liquid-gas phase change phenomenon during vaporization/evaporation process. One eld formulation of the governing ow, energy and species equations are solved on an Eulerian grid with suitable jump conditions. Both phases are assumed to be incompressible; however, the divergence-free velocity eld condition is modi ed to account for the phase ch...

        The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize nimodipine loaded microspheres using ethyl cellulose (EC) as a carrier polymer through an emulsion solvent evaporation method. These evaluations characterized the pattern of drug release from prepared microspheres. Nimodipin loaded microspheres were prepared using an emulsification solvent evaporation method. The effect of proces...