BACKGROUND Peribulbar and retrobulbar anesthesia have long been opposed on the basis of the existence of an intermuscular membrane, which is supposed to separate the intraconal from the extraconal spaces in a water-tight fashion. A local anesthetic injected outside the cone should spread through this septum to reach the nerves to be blocked. The existence of this septum is questioned. The aim o...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate an indwelling temporary retrobulbar catheter for repeatable injections of local anesthetics for long-lasting and titratable retrobulbar anesthesia in intraocular surgery. PARTICIPANTS The prospective clinic-based study included 153 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery (n=111) or buckling procedures with cryocoagulation (n=34). The mean duration of surgery was 84....

PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of combined two-site phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy surgery with mitomycin C (MMC) in glaucoma-cataract patients with retrobulbar or topical anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective, nonrandomized review of consecutive phacotrabeculectomy patients with a minimum follow-up time of 6 months, no previous glaucoma surgeries, ...

INTRODUCTION Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) is used widely to study retrobulbar circulation. OBJECTIVES To determine the association between progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and alterations in retrobulbar arterial circulation using CDI studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective observational case series. It is single institutional study of 50 eyes of nonproliferative diabetic retinopat...

PURPOSE We sought to assess long-term changes in the flow parameters of retrobulbar vessels in diabetic patients. METHODS The retrobulbar circulation of 138 eyes was evaluated between 1994 and 1995 and 36 eyes were reevaluated between 2004 and 2008 (study group). They were divided into four groups: eyes of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR), eyes with nonproliferative DR, eye...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate peroperative pain management using a flexible spinal anesthesia catheter introduced into the retrobulbar space which allows injections of local anesthetics for vitreoretinal surgery. METHODS Twenty-five patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery receiving retrobulbar anesthesia with 3.5 ml ropivacaine 0.75%. After injection, a catheter with spinal needle 22G x 1 1/2 (4...

INTRODUCTION A case is presented of a patient with severe and chronic pain in the orbital region, which was relieved by retrobulbar injection of absolute alcohol. The management of chronic pain in the orbital region has received little attention and the literature is reviewed. CLINICAL PICTURE A 52-year-old man with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus was suffering from severe pai...

The electroretinogram (ERG) is a transient biopotential that reflects the electrical response of the distal retina to photostimulation. Disturbances in retinal circulation produce characteristic abnormalities in the ERG wave form. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the ERG produced by combined retrobulbar and peribulbar injections of a large volume (8 ml) of local ana...