Purpose To report a novel finding in a case of idiopathic recurrent branch retinal arterial occlusions. Observations We report our findings in a 31-year-old woman with an idiopathic recurrent branch retinal arterial occlusions (BRAOs) who was followed in our clinic for 16 years. Repeated fluorescein angiographies were performed to evaluate the idiopathic recurrent BRAOs. The findings showed m...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether heritable thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis were risk factors for retinal vein occlusion. DESIGN Measures of thrombophilia (increased likelihood of thrombus formation) included anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG and IgM), the lupus anticoagulant (including dilute Russell viper venom clotting time), antigenic proteins C and S, and homocysteine. Polymerase chain rea...

A 50 year old woman presented with a subacute onset of vertigo and diplopia followed by an encephalopathy with confusion, spasticity, ataxia, myoclonus, and multiple branch retinal arteriolar occlusions and unilateral sensorineural deafness. Brain biopsy confirmed multiple microinfarcts with no vasculitis. After the procedure she had a right iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and was found to be ...

British Journal of General Practice, October 2012 557 INTRODUCTION Medical school does little to prepare future GPs for the relatively large number of patients with ophthalmic complaints they will see in everyday practice, so spending a 4-month attachment in ophthalmology is a good way to fill in any gaps in your knowledge. The beauty of ophthalmology is that it bridges medicine and (micro)surg...

Degenerative ocular conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and myopic degeneration, have become a major public health problem and a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs seem to be an effective and safe treatment for these conditions. Ranibizumab, a humanized monoclona...

Retinal vein cannulation is a technically demanding surgical procedure where therapeutic agents are injected into the retinal veins to treat occlusions. The clinical feasibility of this approach has been largely limited by the technical challenges associated with performing the procedure. Among the challenges to successful vein cannulation are identifying the moment of venous puncture, achievin...

PURPOSE Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are a major cause of vision loss in people aged 50 years and older. Current therapeutic options limit the consequences of RVO but do not eliminate the cause. Cannulation of the involved vessel and removal of the clot may provide a more permanent solution with a less demanding follow-up. However, cannulation of smaller retinal veins remains challenging. This...

BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography has focused mainly on central subfield thickness to quantify macular edema in central and branch retinal vein occlusion. We examined macular fields other than the central subfield to determine if they are possibly independent indicators of recurrent macular edema. METHODS Single center, retrospective, consecutive case study of patients with recurrent ma...

Retinal vein occlusion is one of the most common causes of retinal vascular abnormality and a frequent cause of vision loss. It is an obstruction of the retinal venous system by thrombus formation and may involve the central, hemicentral or branch retinal vein. It typically occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients, and its increased occurrence is therefore associated with the increased aging ...

The central retinal artery (CRA) is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is the first branch of the internal carotid artery. The CRA supplies blood to the surface of the optic disc. From here it divides into two main branches (superior and inferior); these then further divide into temporal and nasal branches, which supply blood to the four quadrants of the retina. The outer retina is suppli...