Acute monocular visual loss is an alarming symptom for the patient and the emergency physician. This article focuses on the presentation, diagnosis, and management of several causes of acute monocular visual loss with suggestions for when to emergently involve an ophthalmologist. Topics discussed include temporal arteritis, optic neuritis, retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, retin...

The hypothesis that an occlusion of the central retinal artery is an essential prerequisite for haemorrhage formation after central retinal vein obstruction has been investigated by examining the fundus changes in patients with a cilio-retinal arterial circulation; the findings are at variance with the 'combined occlusion hypothesis'. Comparisons were made between the pathological features in t...

The discovery of anti-angiogenics or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) agents is a clear breakthrough with exciting potential in medical management of retinal diseases.Ranibizumab is a humanized, affinitymatured VEGF antibody fragment that binds to and neutralizes all isoforms of VEGF, which has first received FDA approval for the treatment of macular edema due to both c...

Purpose To demonstrate the utility of a novel in vivo molecular imaging probe, HYPOX-4, to detect and image retinal hypoxia in real time, in a mouse model of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods Retinal vein occlusion was achieved in adult mice by photodynamic retinal vein thrombosis (PRVT). One or two major retinal vein(s) was/were occluded in close proximity to the optic nerve head (ONH). ...

PURPOSE To study the variation in intravascular oxygen saturation (oximetry) during an acute retinal vein occlusion (RVO) using hyperspectral computed tomographic spectroscopy based oximetry measurements. METHODS Thirty rabbits were dilated and anesthetized for experiments. Baseline oximetry measurements were made using a custom-made hyperspectral computed tomographic imaging spectrometer cou...

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a pathology noted for more than 150 years. Although a lot has been written on the matter, it is still a frequent condition with multifactorial etiopathogenesis with many unclear aspects. The RVO pathogenesis has varied systemic and local implications that make it difficult to elaborate treatment guidelines. The management of the patient with RVO is very complex a...

The effect of change of posture on the level of the intraocular pressure was studied in 22 patients who had suffered 'occlusion' of a central retinal vein, 14 patients with occlusion of a tributary of the central vein, and 23 normal subjects. The results showed a significant difference in behaviour between subjects in the control group and both groups of patients with retinal vein occlusions. I...