Summay.-The effects of specific versus variable practice on retention and transfer was investigated. 30 participants were randomly assigned to one of three practice conditions. The variable speed group practiced on a pursuit rotor task at three different speeds (60, 45, 30 rpm) which were randomly distributed but equal in number for 30 10-sec. trials on Day 1. The Specific Practice group perfor...

Radioimmunotherapy using 131I-A5B7, an anti-CEA antibody, in combination with the vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin A4-phosphate (CA-4-P, 200 mg/kg), has produced tumor cures in SW1222 colorectal xenografts. CA-4-P causes acute tumor blood vessel shutdown, which can be monitored in clinical trials using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). The purpose of this ...

background: different stressors induce learning and memory impairment and physical activity influence learning and memory enhancement. in this research, we investigated the effect of synchronized running activity with stress on acquisition and retention time of passive avoidance test. methods: male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control (co), sham (sh), exercise ...

The provision of feedback is a crucial factor for the evolution of the learner's performance. It is known that the knowledge of performance has the function of guiding the learner's attention to critical aspects of the movement pattern. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of frequency of knowledge of performance (KP) during the acquisition of the basketball free throw in older...

Two factors that have been shown to facilitate motor learning are autonomy support (AS) and enhanced expectancies (EE) for performance. We examined the individual and combined influences of these factors. In a 2 × 2 design, participants learning a novel motor skill (throwing with the non-dominant arm) were or were not provided a choice (AS) about the ball color on each of 6 10-trial blocks duri...

Richard E. Mayer is a professor of psychology and education at the University of California, Santa Barbara. L EARNING INVOLVES THE ACQUISITION of knowledge. This is a commonsense view of learning that has implications for how to teach—such as presenting information to learners in books and lectures—and how to assess—such as testing to see how much of the presented material students can remember...

Many studies have reported that tests are beneficial for learning (e.g., Roediger & Karpicke, 2006a). However, the majority of studies on the testing effect have been limited to a combination of relatively simple verbal tasks and final tests that assessed memory for the same material that had originally been tested. The present study explored whether testing is beneficial for complex spatial me...