Expanding size of passive optical networks (PONs) along with high availability expectation makes the reliability performance a crucial need. Most protection architectures utilize redundant network components to enhance network survivability, which is not economical. This paper proposes new self-healing protection architecture for passive optical networks (PONs), with a single ring topology and ...

A major challenge for the power utilities today is to ensure a high level of reliability of supply to customers. Two main factors determine the feasibility of a project that improves the reliability of supply: the project cost (investment and operational) and the benefits that result from the implementation of the project. This paper examines the implementation of an Artificial Intelligence Sys...

as is well known, estimating parameters of the tree-parameter weibull distribution is a complicated task and sometimes contentious area with several methods vying for recognition. weibull distribution involves in reliability studies frequently and has many applications in engineering. however estimating the parameters of weibull distribution is crucial in classical ways. this distribution has t...

Distribution Substation Automation in Smart Grid Substation Automation (SA) can provide integral functions to the distribution grid automation. As more IED devices are installed to the distribution network, the need for IED management, control, and the corresponding advanced application operation is a growing imperative. Moreover, the Smart Grid applications, such as the Integrated Voltage and ...

in this paper, the distribution network for multi-level supply chain has been studied. products produced in factories are sent to customers through warehouses and distribution centers based on specific demands. warehouses as holding inventory facilities are located close to factories and the distribution centers are placed in the most accessible locations for services near customers. each item ...

Different protection and restoration mechanism is the most important feature of automatic switched optical network (ASON). Through testing 1356NT, which is an optical network planning and design tool of Alcatel-Lucent Company, this paper analyzes the restoration time and proposes the application strategy of different circuits. It is significant for the plan and design of ASON. Keywords-automati...

Current centralized restoration schemes are unsuitable for the increase of scale and complexity of networks. A novel distributed network partition scheme is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, a largescale network can be partitioned into some wheellike sub-networks with nuclear nodes. In wheellike sub-networks, ring links and spoke links could provide reciprocal safeguard. Based on such str...

State estimation is used in power systems to estimate grid variables based on meter measurements. Unfortunately, power grids are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Reducing cyber-attacks against state estimation is necessary to ensure power system safe and reliable operation. False data injection (FDI) is a type of cyber-attack that tampers with measurements. This paper proposes network reconfigurati...