BACKGROUND Ultrasound measurement of dynamic changes in inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter can be used to assess intravascular volume status in critically ill patients, but published studies vary in accuracy as well as recommended diagnostic cutoffs. Part of this variability may be related to movements of the vessel relative to the transducer during the respiratory cycle which results in uninten...

Respiratory mechanics is a difficult topic for instructors and students alike. Existing respiratory mechanics models are limited in their abilities to demonstrate any effects of rib cage movement on alveolar and intrapleural pressures. We developed a model that can be used in both large and small classroom settings. This model contains digital pressure displays and computer integration for real...

Electrical stimulation of an epibranchial vagal ganglion, which innervates the gill region, had a marked influence on the respiratory rhythm of the carp Cyprinus carpio. Vagal input could initiate ventilation in fish displaying intermittent respiration. In fish breathing steadily, vagal stimuli could reset the respiratory rhythm by modifying the existing breathing cycle. An increase of stimulus...

Anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT) is a long-range endoscopic imaging modality capable of quantifying size and shape of the human airway. A challenge to its in vivo application is motion artifact due to respiratory-related movement of the airway walls. This paper represents the first demonstration of respiratory gating of aOCT airway data, and introduces a novel error measure to gui...

RESPIRATORY FAILURE, which may be defined as a "condition in which the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood stream is altered by an abnormality of the respiratory system" (Arnott, 1960), may arise from many causes among them diseases of, injury to, or intoxications of the central or peripheral nervous systems, thoracic skeleton, diaphragm and other respiratory muscles, and lung pare...

background the exposure to noxious agwents such as lead my cause lung disorders. objectives in the present study, pulmonary function tests and self-reported respiratory symptoms in lead exposure workers were compared with matched control subjects. materials and methods the frequency of respiratory symptoms were evaluated in a sample of 108 lead exposure workers and 100 control subjects with sim...

background: respiratory problem is one of the major health hazards in dust-exposed workers; it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. objective: to determine the prevalence of respiratory problems and lung function impairment among quarry workers in ebonyi state, nigeria. methods: respiratory problems and lung function were studied in 403 quarry workers aged 10–60 years...

Motor neurone disease (MND) is a devastating and progressive neurological disorder in which degeneration of motor neurones results in weakness and wasting of the dependent muscles. The prevalence of MND is approximately five per 100 000 and approximately 30% of patients have primary bulbar symptoms. Half of the patients die within 36 months of experiencing the first symptom. Presentation with v...

Motor neurone disease (MND) is a devastating and progressive neurological disorder in which degeneration of motor neurones results in weakness and wasting of the dependent muscles. The prevalence of MND is approximately five per 100 000 and approximately 30% of patients have primary bulbar symptoms. Half of the patients die within 36 months of experiencing the first symptom. Presentation with v...