background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a chronic respiratory disease, which reduces the lung function and causes respiratory symptoms over time, and it is primarily associated with shortness of breath, cough and sputum production. roflumilast, which is a long-acting selective inhibitor, reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of the main symptoms of copd. the aim of this study...

WHEN I was a student I never bought a textbook of medicine. I cannot remember that I formulated any policy or thati I thought the matter out in any way but I hadJ a definite feeling that the big books were not for me. Had I not seen a statement by a reviewer 'The new edition of X's Textbook of Medicine has grown in girth but not in stature'? Well actually I had not. That brilliantly succinct an...

As guest editors of this special issue of the Journal of Allergy, we are pleased to be able to present a range of articles, both reviews and original research papers, on the important topic of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). AERD is a synonym for the " aspirin triad " of asthma, nasal polyposis and sensitivity to aspirin originally described by Widal ninety years ago. AERD patie...

tions, but these are fully recorded in this volume; and several of the post-mortem findings are illustrated by excellent photographs and photomicrographs. But, in view of the discordant opinions as to the etiology of influenza, it may be useful to summarise some of the opinions and the findings of the authors. In the first place, B. influenza Pfeiffer was found present in all cases of uncomplic...