Inert particles are widely used as surrogates for biological in filtration tests. However, there is always a concern that the different physical properties between inert and may affect efficiencies of filter media. In present study, particles, e.g. NaCl polystyrene latex (PSL), E.coli, B.sublitis, bovine serum albumin (BSA), endotoxin, were to evaluate filtering materials surgical mask N95-rate...

Traumatic brain injury is the most common group of injuries among victims admitted to emergency departments. Up 20 % individuals with damage require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, duration which significantly longer than in non-neurological patients. Such patients have a higher incidence acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilator-associated pneumonia, weaning extubation...

IN 1964, Fairley and Britt investigated the adequacy of the air-mix control of ventilators operated from an oxygen source. 1 The mean inspired oxygen percentages were measured at various cycling pressures, and with the Bird Mark 7 ventilator the oxygen levels varied from 51.5 to 96.8 per cent, being highest at low flows and at high cycling pressures. Consequently, these authors recommended that...