Fiscal policy is a policy that tries to achieve certain economic goals through instruments such as changes in government expenditure and taxation. The financial policy uses two instruments of government revenue (tax) and government spending (spending) to influence the economy. And in the economic literature, they consider economic growth to be equal to GDP. The impact of financial policies on e...

We analyze non-cooperative environmental policy when the only strategic interaction between countries is through bilateral transboundary pollution, i.e., countries are closed or small open economies. When countries set pollution taxes simultaneously, there is no carbon leakage. However, in the sequential-move game, the leader sets its pollution tax lower than the marginal damage from own pollut...

the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value with an emphasis on agency cost and disclosure quality of firms listed in tehran stock exchange. the sample of this study consists of 68 firms for the period 2004 to 2015.this study is applied in purpose and correlation- descriptive in method. in this study to test the hypotheses, multivariate linear r...

We demonstrate that the carbon tax imposed by the Canadian province of British Columbia caused a decline in short-run gasoline demand that is significantly greater than would be expected from an equivalent increase in the market price of gasoline. That the carbon tax is more salient, or yields a larger change in demand than equivalent market price movements, is robust to a range of specificatio...

Guangdong, as China’s most affluent province, which is representative in terms of its industrial and energy consumption structure, will deal with an important issue about how to change its environmental management policies from command-and-control strategies to incentive-based ones and how to exert its effects to the greatest extent possible in the new situation of the impending imposition of a...

We present a family of simple globally aggregated and regionalized actor-based systemdynamics Integrated Assessment models (IAMs). We first develop a global IAM in which both fossil-fuel-based capital and renewable-energy-based capital determine the production function. A business-as-usual scenario (no mitigation policy) is compared with various mitigation scenarios based on different global ca...

We consider the design of a tax on greenhouse gas emissions for the United States. We consider three major issues: the tax rate (including the use of the revenues and rate changes over time), the optimal tax base, and international trade concerns. We show that a well-designed carbon tax can capture about 80% of U.S. emissions by taxing only a few thousand taxpayers, and almost 90% with a modest...