نتایج جستجو برای: reservoir host

تعداد نتایج: 252173  

Journal: :Annals of parasitology 2012
Dorota Kiewra Elzbieta Lonc

Arthropod-borne diseases still pose a serious health problem worldwide. Epidemiological consequences result from various environmental connections and interaction between parasites and their host, including host specificity of parasites and transmitted pathogens. The ixodid ticks (Ixodida) occupy a prominent position within the group of parasites as being vectors on the northern hemisphere in t...

Journal: :Journal of virology 1999
E J Paulson S H Speck

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a life-long infection in humans, with distinct viral latency programs predominating during acute and chronic phases of infection. Only a subset of the EBV latency-associated antigens present during the acute phase of EBV infection are expressed in the latently infected memory B cells that serve as the long-term EBV reservoir. Since the EBV immortalization pr...

2015
Daniel Nobach Manon Bourg Sibylle Herzog Hildburg Lange-Herbst Jorge A. Encarnação Markus Eickmann Christiane Herden Jens H. Kuhn

BACKGROUND Many RNA viruses arise from animal reservoirs, namely bats, rodents and insectivores but mechanisms of virus maintenance and transmission still need to be addressed. The bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) has recently been identified as reservoir of the neurotropic Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Six out of eleven wild living bicoloured white-toot...

Journal: :Veterinary parasitology 2006
Surang Nuchprayoon Alisa Junpee Suwannee Nithiuthai Sudchit Chungpivat Saravudh Suvannadabba Yong Poovorawan

Lymphatic filariasis has been targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be eliminated by the year 2020. In addition to chemotherapy and vector control, the control of reservoir hosts is necessary for the control program to succeed. Malayan filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi, is endemic in the South of Thailand where domestic cats serve as the major reservoir host. However, in nature, ...

Journal: :Clinical microbiology reviews 2003
Christopher D Paddock James E Childs

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. The moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis in humans, first identified in 1986 and reported for more than 1,000 patients through 2000, represents a prototypical "emerging infection." Knowledge...

2015
Ruian Ke Sharon R. Lewin Julian H Elliott Alan S. Perelson Arup K. Chakraborty

Recent efforts to cure human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection have focused on developing latency reversing agents as a first step to eradicate the latent reservoir. The histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat, has been shown to activate HIV RNA transcription in CD4+ T-cells and alter host cell gene transcription in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. In order to...

Journal: :Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 2011
Robert F Siliciano Warner C Greene

HIV-1 can establish a state of latent infection at the level of individual T cells. Latently infected cells are rare in vivo and appear to arise when activated CD4(+) T cells, the major targets cells for HIV-1, become infected and survive long enough to revert back to a resting memory state, which is nonpermissive for viral gene expression. Because latent virus resides in memory T cells, it per...

2013
M. V. Palmer

Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of tuberculosis in animals and sometimes humans. Many developed nations have long-standing programmes to eradicate tuberculosis in livestock, principally cattle. As disease prevalence in cattle decreases these efforts are sometimes impeded by passage of M. bovis from wildlife to cattle. In epidemiological terms, disease can persist in some wildlife species, crea...

Journal: :Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1999
C A Hanlon J E Childs V F Nettles

The complexity of controlling rabies has increased dramatically in the United States since wildlife began to replace domestic dogs as the principal disease vector > 40 years ago. Extensive use of veterinary clinics for parenteral vaccination of domestic dogs, observation of the suspect biting animal, and public education campaigns (together with the application of postexposure prophylaxis [PEP]...

Journal: :Ecology letters 2012
Pieter T J Johnson Jason R Rohr Jason T Hoverman Esra Kellermanns Jay Bowerman Kevin B Lunde

Parasite infections often lead to dramatically different outcomes among host species. Although an emerging body of ecoimmunological research proposes that hosts experience a fundamental trade-off between pathogen defences and life-history activities, this line of inquiry has rarely been extended to the most essential outcomes of host-pathogen interactions: namely, infection and disease patholog...

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