According to the publication by US Minerals Survey in 1999, the total reserve of manganese ore in the world is 0.66 billion tons. See Table 1. Table 1 World Manganese ore reserve(Mn metal weight, million tons) __________________________________________ Name of counties Reserve in 1999 __________________________________________ South Africa 370 Ukraine 135 China 40 India 34 Australia 26 Gabon 20...

Spatial considerations are important in conservation reserve design. A particularly important spatial requirement is the connectivity of selected sites. Direct connections between reserve sites increase the likelihood of species persistence by allowing dispersal and colonization of other areas within the network without species having to leave the reserve. The conventional set-covering and maxi...

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that increased myocardial oxygen demand resulting from hypotension and reflex tachycardia unmasking a reduced endocardial myocardial blood flow (MBF) reserve is the mechanism of dipyridamole-induced regional dysfunction in chronic coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Ameroid constrictors were placed around the proximal coronary arteries and their major branc...

BACKGROUND In the past, practitioners have used distance and/or near visual acuity (VA) to calculate required magnification for low vision aids. Magnification was usually under-estimated when compared with the final magnification prescribed. Recent studies have emphasised the importance of acuity reserve in determining the required magnification for optimum reading rate. Two different approache...

Cognitive reserve is hypothesized to help people withstand greater brain pathology without manifesting clinical symptoms, and may be regarded as a preventive factor of dementia. It is unclear whether the effect of cognitive reserve is evident only among the older adults or after conversion to dementia, or if it can also be seen earlier in life before the prominent effects of cognitive aging bec...

Reserve requirements have been part of the regulator)' apparatus of banking in the United States for more than a century and a half. No matter what their original purpose may have been, maintaining the burden of reserve requirements needs a contemporary rationale that can justify the problems they create. The problems attributed to reserve requirements are woven into the fabric of financial mar...

OBJECTIVES We sought to develop and validate a definition of coronary microvascular dysfunction in women with chest pain and no significant epicardial obstruction based on adenosine-induced changes in coronary flow velocity (i.e., coronary velocity reserve). BACKGROUND Chest pain is frequently not caused by fixed obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) of large vessels in women. Coronary mi...

Distinguishing management effects from the inherent variability in a system is a key consideration in assessing reserve efficacy. Here, we demonstrate how seascape heterogeneity, defined as the spatial configuration and composition of coral reef habitats, can mask our ability to discern reserve effects. We then test the application of a landscape approach, utilizing advances in benthic habitat ...

and Symptoms in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy To the Editor: With great interest we read the article by Node et al1 concerning short-term statin therapy in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). The demonstrated improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by simvastatin therapy is intriguing. The authors speculated on several possible mechanisms, i...

Marine reserves are increasingly recognized as having linked social and ecological dynamics. This study investigates how the ecological performance of 56 marine reserves throughout the Philippines, Caribbean, and Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is related to both reserve design features and the socioeconomic characteristics in associated coastal communities. Ecological performance was measured as fi...