In the beginning of twentieth century, after its rapid insertion into vortex oil and mineral extraction, Venezuela was forced to re-think relationship with nature. This process rethink, characterised by an eagerness for modernisation, resulted in a series discourses focused on Venezuela’s Amazonia as repository possibilities. paper analyses how these possibilities were channelled through metaph...

In this paper, we introduce the notions of prime state filters, obstinate state filters, and primary state filters in state residuated lattices and study some properties of them. Several characterizations of these state filters are given and the prime state filter theorem is proved. In addition, we investigate the relations between them.

Theories of rent are wide-ranging. However, whether neoclassical, Marxist, or Proudhonist, they tend to neglect evolutionary institutionalist theorising. Increasingly dominated by the income approach, theories need be expanded, partly correct existing work, break persistent intellectual monopoly and oligopoly, particularly develop institutional rent. In this paper, I attempt do so presenting ev...

The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have both large fossil fuel resources and vast renewable energy potentials. Here, we investigate in a literature meta-analysis and a survey, whether there is a need for renewables in the GCC, what barriers and risks presently deter investments, and what possible policy-solutions could be. We find that there is a long-term need for renewables, ...

Sharing similar colonial and post-independence civil war experiences, Mozambique and Angola’s development paths are often contrasted, with foreign aid-dependent Mozambique hailed a success compared to oil rentier Angola. This paper questions the so-called Mozambican miracle and contrasts it with Angola’s trajectory over the past two decades. Paying attention to the political trajectory of the r...