Current epidemiological data from the USA, Europe, Asia and the Indian subcontinent, Africa, the Far East, South America, the Middle East and Eastern Europe all point to the increasing incidence of renal failure encompassing acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While the explanations for these worldwide epidemics remain speculative, it must...

Gilliam-Davis S, Payne VS, Kasper SO, Tommasi EN, Robbins ME, Diz DI. Long-term AT1 receptor blockade improves metabolic function and provides renoprotection in Fischer-344 rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H1327–H1333, 2007. First published July 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00457.2007.—Fischer-344 (F344) rats exhibit proteinuria and insulin resistance in the absence of hypertension a...

OBJECTIVES Septic acute kidney injury is one of the most common and life-threatening complications in critically ill patients, and there is no approved effective treatment. We have shown xenon provides renoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury and nephrotoxicity in rodents via inhibiting apoptosis. Here, we studied the effects of xenon preconditioning on septic acute kidney injury and ...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the optimal dose of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil for renoprotection as reflected by short-term changes in albuminuria in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 23 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy were enrolled in this double-blind randomized cross-over trial...

Clinical studies have demonstrated that some antihypertensive agents provide renoprotection independent of BP lowering. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies evaluated the mechanisms involved in this protection. First, the in vitro effects of several angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), and beta blockers (BB) on various mediators were compared: Formation ...