The purpose of this study was to analyze the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and the impact of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) therapy in these patients. The authors recruited 101 patients with CD, all previously treated with BTX-A. Both before and 4 weeks after injection of BTX-A the patients were assessed using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis ...

Facial ageing is a gradual process which could be due to intrinsic and extrinsic causes, it ultimately results in the appearance of gravity-induced tissue ptosis, wrinkles, epidermal and dermal atrophy, dryness, senile lentigo, flushing, telangiectasia, and enlarged pores. Mesobotox treatment is a technique of microinjections of diluted Botulinum toxin type A (BTX) to preserve the facial mobili...

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that combination therapy of serial cast and botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection can further enhance the effects of a BTX-A injection in ambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have an equinus foot. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children in group A (30 legs of 21 children) received a serial casting application after an injection o...

OBJECTIVE To identify factors predicting improvement in motor disability in writer's cramp treated with botulinum toxin (BTX). METHODS 47 patients with writer's cramp were treated with BTX and were evaluated by the same neurologists at initial referral, after each BTX injection, and when the effect of BTX was maximal at the time of the study. Patients and examiners simultaneously and independ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS In patients with achalasia, intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) has been suggested as an alternative regimen to balloon dilation and has been shown to be superior to placebo injection. The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness, the long-term outcome and the cumulative costs of BTX injection in consecutive patients with symptomatic achal...

OBJECTIVE The objective was to demonstrate that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) can be delivered to targeted skin sites with topical application for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. METHODS This randomized, blinded, vehicle-controlled study enrolled 12 patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis with greater than 50 mg of sweat produced per 5 minutes. BTX-A (200 U), combined w...

BACKGROUND With the increasing interest with botulinum toxin--A (BTX-A) application in the lower urinary tract, we investigated the BTX-A effects on the canine prostate and also in men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS Transperineal injection into the prostate using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed throughout the study. Saline ...

a new method for analysis of benzene, toluene, and xylene (btx) using high performance liquid chromatography-uv detection (hplc-uv) is described and compared to the gas chromatography (gc) method. a charcoal adsorption tube connected to a small pump was used to obtain samples from an atmosphere chamber standard. samples were extracted with methanol and analyzed by hplc-uv. chromatography was is...

background: considering the dramatic increasing rate of diabetes and consequently its related complications, most importantly diabetic peripheral neuropathy (dpn), challenges regarding proper treatment of dpn and its effect on the quality-of-life and care of diabetic patients, the aim of this current study is to evaluate the effect of intradermal botulinum toxin type a (btx-a) injections on pai...