Objective We examine how a sample of English- and Spanish-speaking U.S. adults define the terms pro-life/pro-vida pro-choice/pro-elección explore whether definitions differ by language and/or ethnicity. Methods asked 1504 to in an open-ended format. used content thematic analysis congruence discordance between English Spanish speakers, as well Latinx non-Latinx participants, understand these te...

Given a regular language L, we effectively construct unary semigroup that recognizes the topological closure of L in free relative to variety semigroups generated by pseudovariety R all finite R-trivial semigroups. In particular, obtain new effective solution separation problem languages R-languages.