Mammalian sleep comprises rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep. To functionally isolate from the complex mixture of neurons populating the brainstem pons those involved in switching between REM and NREM sleep, we chemogenetically manipulated neurons of a specific embryonic cell lineage in mice. We identified excitatory glutamatergic neurons that inhibit REM sleep and promote ...

Spatiotemporal activity patterns of neurones are organized by different types of coherent network oscillations. Frequency content and cross-frequency coupling of cortical oscillations are strongly state-dependent, indicating that different patterns of wakefulness or sleep, respectively, support different cognitive or mnestic processes. It is therefore crucial to analyse specific sleep patterns ...

Benington and Heller (1994) recently proposed a sleep-dependent model for the homeostatic control of REM sleep in which the amount of REM sleep propensity discharged in each bout of REM sleep affects the timing of the subsequent REM episode. Consistent with their hypothesis, they reported that in rats the duration of a REM episode was positively correlated with the duration of the succeeding NR...

Exogenous arginine slows the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) in remnant rats through a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. We tested whether the inhibition of arginase could induce similar results through the increased availability of endogenous arginine. Three groups of remnant rats were studied for 8 wk: 1) untreated rats (REM); 2) remnant rats treated with 1% l-arginine (ARG); ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a strong demand for fast and predictable anesthesia recovery with few side effects. Choice of the hypnotic agent could impact on that. This study investigated the differences between recoveries after remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-desflurane anesthesias guided by bispectral index (BIS®). METHODS Forty patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups acc...

The objective of this study was to assess whether treatment with sustained-release bupropion (Wellbutrin-SR) produces alterations in electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep that are associated with clinical response to the drug. EEG sleep was measured in 20 patients with unipolar major depressive disorder before and after treatment with sustained-release bupropion. Each EEG sleep session consisted ...