According to the principle of relative-strength competition, stronger items in memory block the retrieval of weaker items. This principle, integral to many theories of forgetting over the years, derives much of its support from the list-strength effect (LSE), in which strengthening some items in a study list makes it more difficult to recall other items. Work in the retrieval-induced forgetting...

BACKGROUND Lateral clavicle fractures have been reported after coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstructions with bone tunnels through the clavicle. PURPOSE To biomechanically compare clavicle strength following 2 common CC reconstruction techniques with different bone tunnel diameters. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Testing was performed on 2 groups of matched-pair ca...

Although several studies have noted increased fracture risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying this association are not known. We hypothesize that insulin resistance (the key pathology in T2DM) negatively influences bone remodeling and leads to reduced bone strength. Data for this study came from 717 participants in the Biomarker Proj...

[Purpose] To test the hypothesis that toe grasping strength is associated with daily physical activity in older adults. [Subjects] Fifty-seven Japanese women, aged 52-78 years, volunteered. [Methods] Toe grasping and knee extension strength were measured. Physical activity was also measured, using an accelerometer, and the total duration of each level of exercise intensity (light, moderate, and...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mobility of individuals who are obese can be limited compared with their healthy weight counterparts. Lower limb strength has been associated with mobility, and reduced strength may contribute to mobility limitation among individuals who are obese. However, our understanding of the effects of obesity on lower limb strength is limited. The purpose of this study was to ...

We sought to determine the effects of age and chronic exercise on muscle power in older males. We examined 32 older males 60-74 years of age and grouped as sedentary (CON, n = 11), chronic endurance trained (ET, n = 10), and chronic endurance trained + resistance training (ET + RT, n = 11). Exercise history was obtained by questionnaire. Absolute strength and power measures were obtained by the...

PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether the tendency of women to exhibit higher knee extensor moments relative to hip extensor moments during the deceleration phase of landing can be explained by the relative strength of the knee and hip extensors. METHODS Forty recreationally active individuals participated in this study (20 men and 20 women). The maximum isometric strength of the knee...