BACKGROUND A protective effect of vitamin D on risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been proposed, but no prospective studies have addressed this hypothesis. METHODS Dietary vitamin D intake was examined directly in relation to risk of MS in two large cohorts of women: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 92,253 women followed from 1980 to 2000) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II; 95,310 women foll...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence of smoking cessation and its association with psychosocial factors. METHODS Data came from three consecutive waves of the Pro-Saude Study, a longitudinal study of non-faculty civil servants working at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Inclusion criteria were having participated in Phases 1 and 3 and being a smoker at baseline (Phase 1--19...

INTRODUCTION Emerging data suggest that receipt of the seasonal influenza vaccine may be associated with an enhanced risk of infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1). We sought to evaluate different seasonal vaccination strategies during a pandemic in the presence of varying levels of pH1N1 infection risk following seasonal influenza vaccine receipt. METHODS We developed a deterministic, a...

introduction: to reduce occupational accidents and work-related diseases as well as improving satisfaction of working conditions, assessment to identify risks and control measures are necessary. the aim of this study, applying ergonomic assessment indices to assessed the job groups and ability of textile workers. materials and methods: this study was conducted on 194 men employed in the qaembaf...

We consider the risk premium π demanded by a decision maker with present wealth x in order to be indifferent between obtaining a new level of wealth y1 with certainty, or to participate in a lottery which either results in unchanged wealth x or a level of wealth y2 > y1. We then define the relative risk premium λ as the quotient between π and the increase in wealth y1−x which the decision maker...