Suicide rates of young people are increasing in many geographic areas. There is a need to recognize more precisely the role of specific mental disorders and their comparative importance for understanding suicide and its prevention. The authors reviewed the published English-language research, where psychiatric diagnoses that met diagnostic criteria were reported, to reexamine the presence and d...

AIMS This study investigated the relationship between positive and negative subjective responses at the time of initial cocaine use with adult cocaine dependence and life-time use rates. Psychostimulant pre-exposure, regular smoking or stimulant treatment before initiation were examined to explore the incentive sensitization theory of addiction. PARTICIPANTS A total of 202 adult participants ...

The energy boom of the last decade has led to rapidly increasing wealth in the Middle East, particularly in the oil and gas-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This exceptional growth in prosperity has brought with it rapid changes in lifestyles that have resulted in a significant rise in chronic disease. In particular the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased dramat...

self-mutilation is defined as intentional damaging of the body without intent to die.  this behavior is observed among groups of psychiatric patients particularly schizophrenics.  in these patients, self-mutilative behavior may have unusual manifestations related to delusion and hallucination.  in this article, an unusual form of self-mutilation of a paranoid schizophrenic patient is reported. ...

OBJECTIVE Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder and may associate with cardiovascular geometrical, structural and functional changes. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and arterial-ventricular elasticity (Ea and Ees respectively) and cardiovascular coupling and myocardial wall stress and fiber stress in obese children. ...

Everyday behavior is typically more complicated than a one-to-one mapping between a stimulus and a response; the same stimulus can lead to different behaviors depending on the situation, or different stimuli may induce the same behavior. In such cases, knowledge of the formal demands of the actual task is required. These formal demands depend clearly on the context in which the subject is place...

Over many years evidence accumulated that circadian rhythms are related to psychiatric disorders.1-3 However, a mechanistic relationship between the circadian clock and mood related behaviors remained enigmatic. Now, we have reported that monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme degrading catecholamines including dopamine, is regulated by components of the circadian clock.4 Interestin...