This research presents the effects of carbon nanotori structures (CNst) dispersed as reinforcement for metal-working and metal-forming lubricants. Synthetic (SL) deep drawing (DD) nanolubricants were prepared following a two-step method at 0.01 wt.%, 0.05 0.10 wt.% filler fractions. Slight increases in viscosity (<6%) observed fraction was increased through various measured temperatures. Tri...

Granular soil liquefaction, due to developed pore water pressure during undrained cyclic shear of saturated soils, is regarded as a common phenomenon under earthquakes loading. This results in the huge damage infrastructures. Various reinforcement materials have been successfully implemented with particular attention use waste satisfy design specifications and also reducing adverse environmenta...

A plasticity-fracture constitutive model is presented for prediction of the behavior of confined plain concrete. A three-parameter yield surface is used to define the elastic limit. Volumetric plastic strain is defined as hardening parameter, which together with a nonlinear plastic potential forms a non-associated flow rule. The use of non-associated flow rule improves the prediction of the dil...