In 2020, Brazil joined Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Information (PPRI). PPRI is a network of public authorities responsible for pharmaceutical pricing reimbursement policies from 50, mainly European, countries. It offers platform to its members share information experiences regarding medicines, this helps improve access affordable medicines. Information-sharing done, among others, t...

Widely used information diffusion models such as Independent Cascade Model, Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) and others fail to acknowledge that information is constantly subject to modification. Some aspects of information diffusion are best explained by network structural characteristics while in some cases strong influence comes from individual decisions. We introduce reinvention, the ab...

Existence of von Neumann–Morgenstern solutions (stable sets) is proved for any assignment game. For each optimal matching, a stable set is defined as the union of the core of the game and the core of the subgames that are compatible with this matching. All these stable sets exclude third-party payments and form a lattice with respect to the same partial order usually defined on the core.

Across a wide set of non-group insurance markets, applicants are rejected based on observable, often high-risk, characteristics. This paper argues that private information, held by the potential applicant pool, explains rejections. I formulate this argument by developing and testing a model in which agents may have private information about their risk. I first derive a new no-trade result that ...

Gresham’s Law is usually stated simply as ‘the bad currency drives out the good’ and it refers to a time when all transactions used coins. If you had to buy one pound’s worth of merchandise and you had two coins – one which you knew contained one pound’s worth of gold and another where some of the gold had been shaved off – you would pass the second coin and keep the fi rst one. In that way, mo...

The article describes the questions of guaranteeing the safety of funds of individuals and legal entities in the Russian banks. First there is an analytical review of such experience in foreign countries in the article. Then the author explores the current status of legislation and practices in the protection of individuals' deposits through the Deposit insurance system. As a result, the author...

The risks involved in litigation are well documented; they include the risk of incurring legal expenses. While much literature focuses on contingent fees as a mechanism for litigants to shift this risk, there is little work on legal expenses insurance—the dominant means of shifting this risk in Europe. In our model, a risk averse plaintiff may purchase legal expenses insurance. The defendant ma...

The Medicare Act entitles qualified providers to reimbursement for the "reasonable cost" of furnishing hospital services to Medicare beneficiaries. The Sixth Circuit's decision in Guernsey Memorial Hospital demonstrates the tension between generally accepted accounting principles and Medicare reimbursement principles.

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to summarize recently published data on Medicare reimbursement to individual radiation oncologists and to identify the causes of variation in Medicare reimbursement in radiation oncology. METHODS AND MATERIALS The Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File (POSPUF), which details nearly all services prov...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute ischemic stroke patients are infrequently treated with rtPA, despite its proven effectiveness. Poor physician reimbursement for acute stroke care is one possible explanation for the low frequency of use. We describe the physician reimbursement for thrombolytic therapy for the stroke team physicians serving the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region (GCNK), and ...