Regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells (Tregs) suppress autoimmune and inflammatory diseases through mechanisms that are only partly understood. Previous studies suggest that Tregs can suppress bacterially triggered intestinal inflammation and respond to LPS through TLRs with enhanced suppressive activity. In this study, we have used murine cecal ligation and puncture as a model of polymicrobial seps...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses against both self and non-self antigens. Tregs require activation through the T cell receptor (TCR) and IL-2 to exert their suppressive functions. However, how strength of TCR signals modulate the potency of Treg-mediated suppression of antigen-specific T cell activation remain unclear. We found that both strength of TCR signals and ratios of...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4 T cells that are key mediators of immune tolerance. Most Tregs develop in the thymus. In this review we summarise recent findings on the role of diverse signalling pathways and downstream transcription factors in thymic Treg development.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) delivers inhibitory signals to activated T cells. CTLA4 is constitutively expressed on regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Tregs), but its role in these cells remains unclear. CTLA4 blockade has been shown to induce antitumor immunity. In this study, we examined the effects of anti-CTLA4 antibody on the endogenous CD4(+) T cells in cancer patients. We ...

Bacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators. In humans they cause toxic shock and scarlet fever, and they are implicated in Kawasaki's disease, autoimmunity, atopy, and sepsis. Their function remains unknown, but it may be to impair host immune responses increasing bacterial carriage and transmission. Regulatory (CD25(+)FOXP3(+)) T cells (Tregs) play a role in controlling inflammatory ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) determine whether antigen presentation leads to immune activation or to tolerance. Tolerance-inducing DCs (also called regulatory DCs) act partly by generating regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). The mechanism used by DCs to switch toward regulatory DCs during their differentiation is unclear. We show here that human DCs treated in vitro with glucocorticoids produce the gluc...

Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the induction of immune response to cancer cells. An increased number of Tregs have been observed in many solid tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number and percentage of circulating Tregs and their subpopulations differ in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and normal controls (NC). The relationship between Tregs subpopulati...

Forty-five antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected patients and 14 healthy controls in North China were enrolled in this study. The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and levels of expression of CD95, HLA-DR and CD38 in T cells were detected by flow cytometry. We found that the frequency of Tregs was higher in AIDS patients than in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients (P=0.004)...

Abstract Obesity is associated with increased skin inflammation and a major risk factor for psoriasis, raising the question of how obesity disrupts regulatory mechanisms that keep in check at steady state. We found was enriched unique subset CD4 +Foxp3 +regulatory T cells (Tregs), which critical to limit IL-17A-mediated psoriatic inflammation. Diet-induced obesity, however, resulted significant...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are associated with a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of the study was to explore the mechanisms of Tregs accumulation in HCC. METHODS We analyzed the frequency of Tregs in HCC by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. We also established a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-knockdown cell line by lentivirus-mediated ...