The Leibniz Center for Law is involved in the project Digitale Uitwisseling Ruimtelijke Plannen (DURP; digital exchange of spatial plans) which develops a digital exchange format for spatial regulations. For the researchers of the Leibniz Center for Law, having designed the Lex XML schema (cf. Boer et al., 2002 and Boer et al., 2003) for ‘regular’ legal sources, involvement in the DURP project ...

Increasingly, taxonomies are being developed for a wide variety of industrial domains and specific applications within those domains. These industry or application specific taxonomies attempt to represent the vocabularies commonly used by the practitioners. These formal representations have the potential to automate information retrieval, facilitate interoperability and improve decision making....

Islam has a general principle of increase in population. But the Muslims are equally obliged to take care of health, education and the provisions etc. for their offspring and wives in the best possible way. The Muslims would have to regulate and manage the number of children, if any situation affects their duties regarding their wives or children. Islam accomplishes permissibility of temporary ...

Nuclear regulations are a subset of social regulations (laws to control activities that may negatively impact the environment, health, and safety) that concern control of ionizing radiation from radiation-producing equipment and from radioactive materials. The impressive safety record among nuclear technologies is due, in no small part, to the work of radiation safety professionals and to a pro...

The large-scale deployment of the Smart Grid paradigm will support the evolution of conventional electrical power systems toward active, flexible and self-healing web energy networks composed of distributed and cooperative energy resources. In a Smart Grid platform, the optimal coordination of distributed voltage controllers is one of the mainissues to address. In this field, the application of...

This research assesses the effects of mycotoxins regulations on international trade flows. Mycotoxins regulations reflected in the mandatory maximum residue limits impose costs on the producers that could take the form of both variable and fixed costs. Little empirical research exists on the effects of food safety regulations on international trade flows. The same holds true for the assessment ...

The wide and complex spectrum of regulations, especially in the financial services industry, calls for machine assistance in making sense of, and in consuming, regulatory text. This paper describes an approach to interpreting regulations with SBVR. The purpose is to clarify ambiguity in regulations by developing a shared vocabulary and shared guidance based on the regulatory text. The on-going ...

Many low skilled jobs have been substituted away for machines in Europe, or eliminated, much more so than in the US, while technological progress at the “top”, i.e. at the high-tech sector, is faster in the US than in Europe. This paper suggests that the main difference between Europe and the US in this respect is their different labor market policies. European countries reduce wage flexibility...

We analyze a setting in which entrepreneurs acquire and develop assets before they learn whether they will be forced (by liquidity constraints or intergenerational concerns, for example) to sell their assets. The asset resale market suffers from a "lemons" problem because entrepreneurs who are not compelled to sell their assets may elect to do so opportunistically. In principle, impairment regu...

There has been a surge in the number of fentanyl-detected overdoses in 2014 among people who use drugs in British Columbia. Provisional data indicates a constant increase in the number of fentanyl-detected overdoses over the past 3 years. A green pill, ‘fake oxy’ tablets, which resemble Oxycontin 80mg (oxycodone) have been found to contain variable amounts of fentanyl and not oxycodone. The phy...