This paper presents some simulations of the proposed California power exchange, or pool, as it might interact with the regional market in the Western U.S. Pooling will increase interdependence with the regional market. We study this using a multi area chronological production simulation model. We find that overall operating economies resulting from pooling are small. Physical changes in the dis...

Similar to the increased number of studies on invasive plants and animals in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, many reports were recently published on the invasion of Nostocales (cyanobacteria) to freshwater environments worldwide. Invasion and proliferation of Nostocales in new habitats have the potential to significantly alter the structure of the native community and to modify ecosystem fu...

In animal models, severing the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve reduces the maximum global left ventricular elastance (Emax,g), a load-independent measure of left ventricular systolic performance; moreover, chamber geometry is altered with systolic bulging in the region of the papillary muscle insertions. This suggests that forces transmitted by the mitral apparatus increase the regional v...

The papers in this special issue address a major challenge facing our society: feeding a population that is simultaneously growing and increasing its per capita food consumption, while preventing widespread ecological and social impoverishment in the tropics. By focusing mostly on the Amazon's most dynamic agricultural frontier, Mato Grosso, they collectively clarify some key elements of achiev...

P. K. Saha, F. W. Wehrli University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States SYNOPSIS: Trabecular bone (TB) is a network of interconnected struts and plates. During remodeling the bone responds to the forces to which it is subjected and the trabeculae thus follow major stress lines (Wolff’s law). Trabecular anisotropy can be expressed in terms of the fabric tensor. Next to volume ...

The creation of a region-wide economic agreement in Asia has become a hot topic among trade policymakers in the region. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 2010 Summit Statement clearly states thatmembers should pursue a Free Trade Area of the AsiaPacific (FTAAP) by building on various ongoing regional cooperation frameworks including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)+...

the area of musa bay (khor musa) on which two vital and important ports of imam khomeini (port shapour) and mahshar have taken place on its shore is located geographically at the far northeast of the persian gulf, south of khuzestan province. early in the world war ii, despite iran’s neutral declaration, port shapour was blitzed and occupied by british navy on august 24, 1941. iran's resis...

Gyrification, the developmental buckling of the cortex, is not a random process-the forces that mediate expansion do so in such a way as to generate consistent patterns of folds across individuals and even species. Although the origin of these forces is unknown, some theories have suggested that they may be related to external cortical factors such as axonal tension. Here, we investigate an alt...