© Springer India 2015 K. K. Singh, Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2059-6_2 Modern biotechnological advances have posed new challenges before the existing patent laws of countries as biotechnological inventions differ markedly from chemical and mechanical inventions that have been the traditional subject matter of patents. With the development of human gen...

Patent rewards in countries with strong patent systems and economies serve as worldwide inducements for technological progress. Due to the national treatment provisions of leading patent laws – requiring that foreign inventors be treated equally with inventors who are citizens of the countries enacting the laws – foreign inventors and companies gain access to patent-mediated market controls and...

The fourth joint WHO European Regional Office for Europe and ECDC meeting on influenza surveillance brought together over 100 national influenza focal points, along with representatives of reference laboratories, international agencies and other organizations involved in disease surveillance in WHO European Region and European Union/European Economic Area Member States. Meeting participants dis...

Abstract: Increasingly aircraft are being designed to be more environmentally friendly and fuel efficient, as defined by the 2020-Vision and Flight-Path EU initiatives. This entails a reduction in aircraft weight while still maintaining all the other constraints. The conventional, semi-monocoque, aircraft design has not changed for the past 50 years. Recently, developments in aircraft design ha...

Abstract On the 70th anniversary of UN Refugee Convention, this article examines concept solidarity and explains its relevance today, through lens Global Compact on Refugees (GCR). While stressing potential as well challenges for thorough implementation mechanisms established by GCR, argues that regional organizations may contribute to meeting GCR objectives. This is particularly urgent regions...

The paper reviews geographical, structural and institutional aspects of spatial development in Greece in the second half of the twentieth century by considering performance at the level of NUTS II and by comparing with other Objective 1 regions of the European Union in terms of income per capita, unemployment and their regional dispersion. It focuses on why Crete has done better than Thessaly, ...

this paper aims to address the obstacles of accession of turkey to the european :union: (eu). for this the paper discusses some obstacles in the way of turkey’s application to accede to the european :union: that have caused delay in its membership in eu. the paper explains all the efforts that turkey has made to achieve this goal, on one hand. on the other hand, considering all existing obstacl...