Leaf area index (LAI) is an important ecological parameter that characterizes the interface between a vegetation canopy and the atmosphere. Indirect measurements of LAI using optical techniques such as the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer have been routinely conducted for different vegetation canopies including forests and agricultural crops. However, little attention has been paid to shrub canop...

in order to evaluate the effects of forest road on regeneration and vegetation composition in district no. 2 shafaroud, a road was selected with the length of 400 m that the altitude, aspect, slope variations and species composition were similar. five transects in right and 5 transects in left side of road, were established as perpendicular. in each transect 5, 15, 25 and 35 m distances were de...

As the consequence of anthropic pressure along with climatic factors, vegetation hills Bassar is degrading day after and a regression many woody species observed. Vitellaria paradoxa highly valued multi-use species, but it threatened extinction in area. The "bell" "L" shapes diameter class distribution histograms reflect aging and/or disturbed populations. Stand disturbance illustrated by low p...

plant tissue culture is an alternative method of commercial propagation and is being used widely for the commercial propagation of a large number of plant species, including many medicinal plants. somatic embryogenesis is a process by which asexual or somatic cells are induced to form embryos in culture. somatic embryogenesis is a multi-step regeneration process starting with formation of pro-e...

Timber harvest projections for aspen-dominated forests in the prairie region of Canada include a truncation of the current age distribution, whereby old stands of ®re origin will become rarer on the landscape, while young, post-harvest stands will increase in abundance. To determine the effects this harvesting strategy might have on communities of breeding forest birds, we conducted point count...