Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass, part of which caused by increasing runoff. location the runoff limit, highest elevation from meltwater finds its way off ice sheet, plays an important role in surface mass balance sheet. recently observed rise area might be related to amount refreezing: layer development firn reduces vertical percolation and promotes lateral To investigate flow ...

Abstract. Temperature sensors installed in a grid of nine full-depth boreholes drilled the southwestern ablation zone Greenland Ice Sheet recorded cooling discrete sections ice over time within lowest third column most boreholes. Rates temperature change outpace expected from vertical conduction alone. Additionally, observed profiles deviate significantly site-average thermal profile that is sh...

Snowmelt-triggered debris flows commonly occur in mountains. On 14 June 2019, a flow occurred on steep, east-facing slope composed of unconsolidated glacial and periglacial sediments Yosemite National Park. Originating as shallow landslide, ~1,300m 3 ripe snow was instantaneously entrained into the carrying boulders, trees, soil downslope. The forested area at toe strained out leaving muddy slu...

Abstract To understand snow structure and snowmelt timing, information about flows of liquid water within the snowpack is essential. Models can make predictions using explicit representations physical processes, or through parameterization, but it difficult to verify simulations. In situ observations generally measure bulk quantities. Where internal measurements are made, they tend be destructi...

Abstract. In the 2019/2020 austral summer, surface melt duration and extent on northern George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS) was exceptional compared to 31 previous summers of distinctly lower melt. This finding is based analysis near-continuous 41-year satellite microwave radiometer scatterometer data, which are sensitive meltwater ice shelf in near-surface snow. Using optical imagery from Landsat 8 (2...

Abstract. Surface meltwater drains on several Antarctic ice shelves, resulting in surface and sub-surface lakes that are potentially critical for the shelf collapse. Despite these phenomena, our understanding assessment of drainage refreezing is limited, mainly due to lack field observations limitations optical satellite imagery during polar night cloudy conditions. This paper explores potentia...

We examined mixing processes within the ice–ocean boundary layer (IOBL) close to geographic North Pole, with an emphasis on wind-driven sea ice drift. Observations were conducted from late August September 2020, during final leg of international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. Measurements motion, and profiles currents, hydrography, microstru...

The Helheim glacier in south-east Greenland faces a retreat and thinning like many other Greenland outlet glaciers, but showed two particular huge and fast retreats between 2000 and 2005, coinciding with an acceleration of glacier flow [1]. The estimation of glacier retreat and thinning are established procedures based on a variety of remote sensing techniques, e.g. SAR interferometry (InSAR) [...

Ice at depth in ice-stream shear margins is thought to commonly be temperate, with interstitial meltwater that softens ice. Models include this softening extrapolate results of a single experimental study which ice effective viscosity decreased by factor ?3 over water contents ?0.01–0.8%. Modeling indicates localizes strain and through heating increases the bed, enhancing basal slip. To extend ...

Abstract. In spring 2018, two firn cores (21 and 36 m in length) were extracted from the accumulation zone of Kaskawulsh Glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Yukon. The analyzed for ice layer stratigraphy density compared against historical measurements made 1964 2006. Deep meltwater percolation refreezing events evident cores, with a total content 2.33±0.26 core liquid water discovered below depth 34...