PURPOSE Carcinoma in situ represents high grade anaplasia of the bladder mucosa. Intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin is the gold standard treatment for patients with carcinoma in situ. Patients with carcinoma in situ refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guérin are candidates for major surgery such as radical cystectomy. We identified the maximum tolerated dose and the recommende...

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is when malabsorption symptoms and villous atrophy persist despite strict adherence to a gluten free diet (GFD) for more than 12 months and other causes of villous atrophy have been ruled out.  RCD is considered a rare disease and almost exclusively occurs in adults. Persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss are the most common symptoms in RCD. Also, anemi...

Introduction: Celiac disease can be associated with other diseases, including neurological disorders. In this study, the relationship between celiac disease and refractory epilepsy was evaluated in patients who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with refractory epilepsy who were referred to the neurology clinic of Imam Khomeini Ho...

BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is currently the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Neutrophilic inflammation is prominent, worsened during infective exacerbations and is refractory to glucocorticosteroids (GCs). Deregulated neutrophilic inflammation can cause excessive matrix degradation through proteinase release. Gelatinase and azurophilic granules within neutrop...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether urodynamic investigation (UDI), the gold standard to assess refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), is appropriate to select healthy volunteers with apparent normal lower urinary tract function as control subjects for comparative studies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 42 healthy subjects (22 women, mean age 32±10 years; 20 men, mean age 37±12 years) without LUTS ...

since a high toxicity of cyanide which use as a reagent in the gold processing plant, thiosulfate has been recognized as a environmental friendly reagent for leaching of gold from ore. after gold leaching process it's important for recovery of gold from solution using adsorption or extraction methods, one of these methods is activated carbon.the loading of gold from industrial thiosulfate solut...

to confirm the side-effects of gold sodium thiomalate (gstm), we carried out a retrospective study examining 102 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending the rheumatology unit of hafez hospital, shiraz, iran, in whom gstm was initiated between 1983-1989. only patients with classical or definite ra (ara criteria) we(e included in this study. patients were categorized as having de...

Mining trends in the gold sector indicate a growing imbalance global supply and demand chains, especially light of accelerated efforts towards industrial electrification automation. As such, it is important that research development continue to focus on processing options for more complex refractory ores. Unlike conventional (i.e., free-milling) ore feeds, not amenable standard cyanidation, req...