It is now a conventional wisdom that artistic, bohemian, and gay populations increase housing values in the neighborhoods and communities they inhabit. But these groups are small, and the evidence of their effect on housing prices is anecdotal. We argue that artists, bohemians and gays through two kinds of mechanisms: aesthetic-amenity premium and a tolerance or open culture premium. To examine...

This paper is a mechanism design study for a monopolist selling multiple identical items to potential buyers arriving over time. Participants in our model are time sensitive, with the same discount factor; potential buyers have unit demand and arrive sequentially according to a renewal process; and valuations are drawn independently from the same regular distribution. Invoking the revelation pr...

Over the last couple of decades, it has become a commonplace to claim that “institutions matter” for economic development. Yet, institutions are not exogenous but the result of human action. It is argued here that the values and norms held by substantial parts of society’s members are an important determinant of its institutions. It is further argued that values and norms have both a direct and...

This article concerns two important problems with the statistical analysis of behavioural latency measures: they typically have severely skewed distributions, and are often censored (truncated). These problems, however, were not generally recognised by animal behaviour researchers: most people either allot an arbitrary score to all censored values or simply ignore them. Yet, such treatments cou...

We study the Liar paradox and related systems of self-referential sentences. Specifically, we consider the problem of assigning consistent fuzzy truth values to systems of self-referential sentences. We show that this problem can be reduced to the solution of a system of nonlinear equations and we prove that, under certain conditions, a solution (i.e. a consistent truth value assignment) always...

Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) is a systems model for the regulation of actions based on negative feedback loops as used in engineering control theory (Powers, 1973; Robertson, & Powers, 1998). An everyday example of an engineering control system is the cruise control in your car. By way of illustration, the speed limit is 70 mph, so you set the cruise control at 70 mph. The cruise control now...

This research explains and analyzes the value changes among the youth (15-29) years of age living in Mazandaran (Northern Iran). The survey, the quessionare and interview were used and after gathering the data, the whole research was statistically analyzed. The framework theory was including such as functionalism, structuralism, conflict and symbolic interactions. The data show that there are s...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the reference values for the chair stand test (CST) in healthy older Japanese people. [Methods] Relevant research articles for the 5-repetition chair stand test (CS-5) and the 30-second chair stand test (CS-30) were identified by electronic database and manual searching. Research articles involving healthy Japanese people aged 60 years and older ...

The following symbols are used in Statistics Canada publications:. not available for any reference period .. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable 0 true zero or a value rounded to zero 0 s value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded p preliminary r revised x suppressed to meet the confidentiality ...