The Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops (GMHT) were conducted in the UK from 2000 to 2002 on beet (sugar and fodder), spring oilseed rape and forage maize. The management of the crops studied is described and compared with current conventional commercial practice. The distribution of field sites adequately represented the areas currently growing these crops, ...

We studied the physiological mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (Factor® 540) on photosynthesis and related physiological processes of willow (Salix miyabeana cultivar SX64) plants. Sixty-day-old plants grown under greenhouse conditions were sprayed with different rates (0, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 kg a.e ha-1) of the commercial glyphosate formulated salt Fa...

paraquat herbicide weed control efficacy in stale seedbed practices was evaluated by split plots arrangement according to a randomized complete block design with three replications in lorestan province during 2009 and 2010. the common bean seed rate (in three levels: 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1) and weed management in seven levels (1. trifluralin ppi; 2. paraquat pre; 3. bentazon+acifluorfen post;...

Results are presented from a three gene population genetics and dynamics model of herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass. The models predictions are compared with those of other one and two gene resistance models to validate the modelling approach which will ultimately be used to develop a five-gene herbicide resistance model. The importance of initial gene frequencies for resistance in unsele...

Abstract Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) is a problematic weed in the wheat crop of Australia. Pinoxaden an effective herbicide for control this weed. However, late cohorts A. escape from early application pinoxaden and produce seeds. This research investigated integrated effect tillage systems (no-tillage conventional tillage), seeding rates (100 200 seeds m −2 ), treatments (nontreat...

Bermudagrass is often overseeded with a cool-season grass species in the fall to provide a green surface during cool weather. Recently, two new turfgrass species, meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass, have shown promise for use in overseeding situations. The objective of this study was to determine the performance of herbicides commonly used to remove (transition) perennial ryegrass from an ov...

Effective control techniques for pale swallowwort (PSW), an invasive herbaceous vine of old fields and forest understories, are limited. We conducted a 3-yr cutting and herbicide study on an adjacent old-field and forest understory site near Ithaca, NY, for control of PSW. Plants in experimental plots were cut in early July and cut again or sprayed in late August for two seasons with the isopro...

Multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp ( Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer) has limited herbicide options for Iowa row crop production. Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars and corn Zea mays L.) hybrids resistant to 2,4-D, dicamba, glufosinate have provided more management. A probability-based survey of fields was conducted in fall 2019 wherein seeds were collected their susceptibi...

Soybean is an important crop worldwide. Soybean cultivars differ in their sensitivity to soil salinity and herbicide damage. In these experiments, we examined the impact of salinization and herbicide (imazethapyr and chlorimuron) application on the growth and yield of two soybean cultivars, Essex and Manokin. Experiments were conducted in small pots in the greenhouse, in outdoor sand cultures, ...

Nitrogen fixation (C(2)H(2) reduction) by algae in flooded soil was limited by interactions within the algal community. Nitrogen fixation by either indigenous algae or Tolypothrix tenuis was reduced severalfold by a dense suspension of the green alga Nephrocytium sp. Similarly, interactions between the nitrogen-fixing alga (cyanobacterium) Aulosira 68 and natural densities of indigenous algae l...