Such aspectual verbs and degree modifiers can be treated as scalar expressions with lower-bounded (‘at least’) semantics (on scalar semantics, see Horn, 1972; Gazdar, 1979; Atlas and Levinson, 1981; Atlas, 1984; Grice, 1989; Levinson, 2000). In cases where this semantic content falls short of the informativeness and relevance expectations raised by the conversational exchange, the hearer is ent...

The evolution of new concepts inwave theory have led to proof-in-principle experiments aimed at validating the generation of a specified wave front. Not only have these concepts initiated research in transient wave theory, but they have also caused renewed effort in multichannel signal processing. In this paper, the development ofa processor todeconvolve a transient acoustic wave from sensor ar...

and we assume α−j = αj, and ω−j = −ωj ∈ (0, π) for j = 1, 2, . . . , I. The constants αj represent amplitudes, the quantities ωj are frequencies, and m is discrete time. The frequency analysis problem is to determine the numbers {αj, ωj : j = 1, 2, . . . , I}, and n0 = 2I when values {x(m) : m = 0, 1, . . . , N − 1} (observations) are known. The Wiener-Levinson method, formulated in terms of Sz...

This article extends the validity of politeness theory ( P. Brown & S. Levinson, 1987 ) by investigating the nonlinguistic aspects of politeness in 2 cultures. Politeness strategies expressed through different channels of communication (silent video, speech, full-channel video and audio, and transcripts of speech ) were examined, and it was found that politeness strategies were communicated non...

Students rated 16 tutorial statements on negative politeness (i.e., how much the tutor ‘‘allows me freedom to make my own decisions’’) and positive politeness (i.e., how much the tutor was ‘‘working with me’’). Consistent with an adaptation of Brown and Levinson’s [1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge University Press, New York] politeness theory, (a) students rated dire...