On 8 May 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommended routine administration of zinc in the management of children, aged less than five years, with acute diarrhoea. In making the recommendation, WHO and UNICEF also suggested careful monitoring for adverse events associated with routine administration of zinc, particularly unusual or exces...

On view of the absent or minimal osmotic diuresis in end stage renal disease, hyperglycemia on maintenance hemolysis as compared to nonketotic hyperosmolar status without underlying advanced renal failure has been noted to show a wide clinical spectrum form severe manifestations by hypertonicity to no clinical manifestations at all. We experienced a 60-year-old man with a known history of type ...

A 29-year-old male presented symptoms of pain in the upper abdomen accompanied by vomiting. Of relevance in his medical history, the patient reported episodes of recurrent chronic abdominal pain and vomiting. An abdominal CAT-scan was performed (Fig. 1) which showed an anomalous arrangement of the bowel loops located in the upper abdomen. It also revealed a horseshoe-kidney and signs of bowel o...

Peptic ulcer is a common problem in advanced renal failure, but most drugs for ulcers are hazardous in this condition. In a small open study cimetidine was given to nine patients with acid hypersecretion and endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulceration who were undergoing haemodialysis. The patients obtained good pain relief and suffered no serious side effects. Both basal and stimulated acid o...

Visceral angioedema is a rare complication of therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Clinical presentation includes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Early detection of this entity can prevent recurrent episodes and unnecessary invasive procedures, including surgery. This article describes a 46-year-old-woman who presented to the emergency department with abdo...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presents a wide spectrum of anatomical variants and clinical pictures depending on the topography and dimensions of the diaphragmatic defect and on the patient age. Most CDH cases acutely present with tachypnea, cyanosis, and respiratory failure within the first minutes to hours of life. Despite significant advances in neonatal medicine, this congenital ano...

The aim of this report is to investigate the possible causes of acute acquired onset of transient esotropia (AATE) in children and to help to differentiate ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) from accommodative spasm (AS). A case of an 8-year-old Caucasian female affected by AATE and diplopia is described. The day before AATE onset, the patient complained of slight headache without nausea and vomitin...

A one year old boy presented with recurrent, episodic, non-bilious vomiting and severe growth failure starting at age three months when exclusively breast fed. Vomiting lasted one to two days and was accompanied by crying, irritability and poor feeding without fever, constipation or diarrhoea. In between episodes he was well. Urinary infection, metabolic, renal or hepatic dysfunction and malrot...