BACKGROUND The ethical, methodological, and technical aspects of pediatric research, often results in complications and delays in implementation. Our objective was to identify factors associated with the implementation duration of hospital-based pediatric studies. METHODS All hospital-based pediatric studies sponsored by AP-HP between 2002 and 2008 were retrospectively identified. Association...

Tablet is the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however in many cases immediate onset of action is required than conventional therapy. To overcome these drawbacks, immediate release pharmaceutical dosage form has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. There are novel types of dosage forms ...

Paracetamol is commercially available in oral and rectal dosage forms for geriatric and pediatric patients. Limitation of oral drug delivery for pediatric patient is inconvenience to swallow the tablet, capsule and oral suspension; in such case suppositories are effective and often used. To achieve successful delivery of drug locally as well as systematically, rectal route has proved its potent...

Gastroretentive dosage forms (GRDF) has received significant interest in the past few decades as they can improve the limitation of most conventional and oral controlled release drug delivery system related to fast gastric-emptying time. An optimum GRDF system can be defined as a system which retains in the stomach for a sufficient time interval against all the physiological barriers, releases ...

Biotechnology is now contributing almost one third of new drugs, and the trend is expected to be similar based on the number of molecules in different clinical trials. Most of these protein based pharmaceuticals are delivered by injections, which are painful and carries a risk of infection. Alternative delivery routes/techniques are being investigated and transdermal iontophoresis is one of the...

The commentary seeks to provide a brief history and perspective on the importance of crystal forms of pharmaceuticals as a means of achieving performance criteria. The expanding scope of crystal form selection, emergence of crystal engineering in pharmaceutical science and pharmaceutical co-crystals are topics of this brief review.