1 Craib KJP, Meddings DR, Strathdee SA, et al. Rectal gonorrhoea as an independent risk factor for HIV in a cohort of homosexual men. Genitourin Med 1995;71:150-4. 2 Mertens TE, Hayes RJ, Smith PG. Epidemiological methods to study the interaction between HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. AIDS 1990; 4:57-65. 3 Laga M, Mamadou TE, Bure A. Interrelationship of sexually transmi...

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI), such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Treponema pallidum are common causes of proctitis among gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM).1,2 Inflammatory proctitis caused by an STI may increase the susceptibility and infectivity of HIV.3,4 In many cases of proctitis, however, no etiological organism is...

Inflammatory bowel diseases comprise of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, both which have increasing incidence. Despite not having completely understood pathogenesis, genetic factors, environmental microbiota are thought to play a role in predisposed individual. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, weight loss rectal bleeding. Diagnosis is made by clinical, laboratory,...

ABSTRACT: Hypothyroidism is rarely observed in cats. This article reports the case of a thirteen-year-old feline with one-year history bilateral cervical swelling that had majorly grown size two weeks prior to animal’s admission. The cat presented dysphonia, lethargy, weight gain, and constipation. On physical examination, hypothermia was observed, rectal temperature 36.5 ºC. Fine-needle aspira...

conclusions post-operative pain in rectal acetaminophen group was less than that in intravenous acetaminophen group, and rectal acetaminophen group demanded their first additional analgesic medication later. results data analysis indicated a significant relationship between reduction of postoperative pain and the use of intravenous or rectal acetaminophen (p = 0.0001); in group receiving iv ace...

introduction: rectal prolapse refers to extrusion of mucosa or the full thickness wall of the rectum through the anal sphincter, which is more common between infancy and 4 years of age and has a high incidence in the first year of life. it is considered as a sign of an underlying clinical condition causing an increased intra‑abdominal pressure, pelvic floor weakness or poor root innervations as...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether certain sexually transmitted diseases are independent risk factors for HIV transmission in a cohort of homosexual men. METHODS Eligible cases were identified as those who had seroconverted between November 1982 and November 1990. Two persistently HIV-seronegative control participants were randomly selected for each case from all participants who remained seroneg...

Preoperative chemoradiation significantly improves oncological outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer. However there is no effective method of predicting tumor response to chemoradiation in these patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells have emerged recently as pathology markers of cancer and other diseases, making possible their use as therapy predictors. Furthermore, the importance of ...