The Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Program has long been criticized by economists for its apparent work disincentives stemming from the imposition of 100 percent tax rates on earnings. However, the program has been modified in recent years to allow recipients to keep some of their earnings for fixed periods of time. Moreover, additional proposals have been made for lowering the tax...

In developed countries, social security covers workers and their dependents against old age, unemployment, health, and other risks. In developing countries, formalsector workers have access to social insurance, and the very poor have some access to social assistance and health services, but large population groups are not covered. Extending social security coverage would require delinking socia...

social security is due to principles of responsibility that determines legal duties and penalizes the refusing from them. for a long time, civil responsibility with compensation for damages which was caused to others was the response to security needs; and the dangers that were included in the scope of civil responsibility were limited to common daily and regular accidents related to natural or...

This is the latest in a series of reports of the same title that have been published intermittently since the early 1960’s. The term social security is popularly used in the United States to refer to the basic national social insurance program-old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance. The term is used here in a broader sense to describe all types of social insurance, social assistan...

IN THE Social Security Act of 1935, Congress recognized the national scope of the problem of economic security, and its approach to the problem was also on a national scale. The Silver Anniversary of the basic act, observed last year, was the occasion for reviewing the Nation’s first 25 years of progress toward economic security, assessing the overall social security status of the American peop...

In Internet security, traditional protection mechanisms such as anti-virus software, firewalls, and other add-ons are not capable of completely eliminating security risks [3]. As noted in [7], the management of information security needs to be addressed through economic, psychological, and policymaking approaches, in combination with engineering approaches. As a realistic and futuristic solutio...