This paper assesses the methodology employed in longitudinal studies of advertising and youth drinking and smoking behaviors. These studies often are given a causal interpretation in the psychology and public health literatures. Four issues are examined from the perspective of econometrics. First, specification and validation of empirical models. Second, empirical issues associated with measure...

.....................................................................................xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION....................................................... 1 The Problem in Perspective.............................................................3 Corrective Feedback............................................................4 Barriers to accepting corrective feedback received........

Successful implantation requires endometrial receptivity. To investigate the mechanisms of miR-494-3p on receptivity, GnRHa's superovulation scheme was designed to reduce and pregnant mice were injected with antagomir. The regulatory role identified by RT-qPCR, uterine blastocyst count, scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Western blot. Results indicated that antagomir...

background: the opening and closing of the implantation window is important for successful pregnancy in eutherians. the recent study demonstrated that the window of uterine receptivity was prepared by the sole action of progesterone in mice, but the mechanism to close the window remained to be elucidated. methods: the pregnant mice were ovariectomized on the evening on the third day of pregnanc...

26 27 Background: The adjunction of exogenous hormones for controlled ovarian stimulation 28 (COS) may alter endometrial receptiveness. In order to identify the genes mis-regulated under 29 COS, we compared the endometrium gene expression profiles, from the same patients, in a 30 natural cycle and in a subsequent COS cycle. Methods: For the same normal-responder 31 patients (n=21), endometrial ...

OBJECTIVES To measure the receptive risks of malaria in Somalia and compare decisions on intervention scale-up based on this map and the more widely used contemporary risk maps. DESIGN Cross-sectional community Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate (PfPR) data for the period 2007-2010 corrected to a standard age range of 2 to <10 years (PfPR(2-10)) and used within a Bayesian space-time geostati...

This study performs global stability/receptivity analyses of hypersonic sweep flows around a blunt body with an infinite span. For the first time, we obtain characteristics leading attachment-line mode to variation angles from 20 70 degrees. The eigenfunctions exhibit instability at edge. At same cross-flow (at small angles) or second Mack larger dominates further downstream. We establish adjoi...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteopontin (OPN) are suggested to facilitate angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in endometrial receptivity. Determination of the endometrial microvascular density (MVD) is the commonest method used to indirectly assess the levels of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis; however, the associations among VEGF, OPN and MVD remain unclear. Controlled ovari...