This paper is a response to Ray Pawson’s critique of critical realism, the philosophy of science elaborated by Roy Bhaskar. I argue that Pawson misinterprets critical realism’s positions on both natural and social science. His charges concerning its totalising ontology, its arrogant epistemology, and its naive methodology are largely unfounded, such that the differences between critical realism...

Discussions of the problem of evil presuppose and appeal to axiological and metaethical assumptions, but seldom pay adequate attention to those assumptions. I argue that certain theories of value are consistent with theistic answers to the argument from evil and that several other well-known theories of value, such as hedonism, are difficult, if not impossible, to reconcile with theism. Althoug...

The argument from disagreement is among the most important that has been directed against moral realism.1 Yet, in recent years it has been widely rejected – so widely, in fact, that even those who are sympathetic with irrealism have often found it unconvincing. One reason for this has to do with the fact that newer, more sophisticated versions of moral realism have recently emerged. Some of the...

At the tum of the present century one problem, the so-called problem of the existence of the world, lay at the center of philosophical argument. The dominance of those who took the idealist side in this dispute, both in Germany and in England, was then rapidly being brought to an end with the works of Brentano, Meinong, Frege, Moore, and Russell, all of whom can be seen as having expressed, in ...

Abstract This article covers the traditional problems of philosophy law: controversies between realism and normativism, on one hand, positivism non-positivism, other. The author, adopting ontological perspective artefactual theory law, attempts to attain two research aims. First, he argues that law paves way towards a moderate position overcoming realism-normativism duality. Second, advocates t...

This paper examines and defends the view that the immediate objects of visual perception, or what are often called sense data, are parts of the facing surfaces of physical objects. I will call this the naturalized sense data (NSD) theory. Occasionally defended in the literature on the philosophy of perception, most famously by G. E. Moore (1918-1919), it has not proved popular and indeed was ab...

We aim to present Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis) (1772-1801) as a precursor of ecological thought, observing how he values nature in his result constant attempt overcome Fichtean dualism by means poetry, through the study natural sciences and also Plotinus’ philosophy. observe that Novalis tries, with partial success, modify Philosophy, evolving from subjective idealism fashion towards sync...