This article discusses the finite distance properties of three likelihood-based estimation strategies for GARCH processes with non-Gaussian conditional distributions: (1) the maximum likelihood approach; (2) the Quasi Maximum Likelihood approach; (3) a multi-steps recursive estimation approach (REC). We first run a Monte Carlo test which shows that the recursive method may be the most relevant ...

December has arrived and, following the tradition at the Revista Española de Cardiologı́a (REC), the editorial team has put together its annual reader’s issue. This year we have very important developments to share, as well as challenges for the future of REC. Part of the information in this ‘‘Editor’s page’’ was also presented to the REC editorial committee, and in a condensed form to the Plena...

Abstract While digital finance and renewable energy consumption (REC) are two timely issues, it remains unclear whether the former affects latter, especially in developing economies. This paper examines impact of on China’s REC between 2011 2018 explores underlying mechanisms. Results show that finance, along with its coverage breadth usage depth, significantly improved China area credit has ha...

A method for improving the contrast resolution of B-mode images is proposed by combining the speckle reduction technique of frequency compounding (FC), and the coded excitation and pulse compression technique called resolution enhancement compression (REC). FC suppresses speckle but at the expense of a reduction in axial resolution. Using REC the axial resolution and bandwidth of the imaging sy...

OBJECTIVE To establish the accuracy of the traditional method of measuring the intensity of exercise in aerobic dance classes, that is, intermittent pulse palpation performed during a brief cessation of activity. METHODS A short wave telemetry system was used to record heart rates during a class in a group of 12 healthy women aged 26 (SD 6) years. Subjects palpated their pulses for 10 s follo...

The proof system G0 of the quantified propositional calculus corresponds to NC, and G1 corresponds to P , but no formula-based proof system that corresponds log space reasoning has ever been developed. This paper does this by developing GL∗. We begin by defining a class ΣCNF (2) of quantified formulas that can be evaluated in log space. Then GL∗ is defined as G1 with cuts restricted to ΣCNF (2)...

This paper is showing the solution for two open problems about decidability of vector reachability problem in a finitely generated semigroup of matrices from SL(2,Z) and the point to point reachability (over rational numbers) for fractional linear transformations, where associated matrices are form SL(2,Z). The approach of solving reachability problems is based on analysis of reachability paths...

It is well known that positive linear systems have differences in the concepts and characterizations of the structural properties of reachability and controllability. In this paper, the reachability indices of a positive system are defined and consequently they are studied. For that, a canonical form of the reachability indices is given by positive similarity. From that canonical form, it is es...

Undecidability of the reachability problem is ubiquitous in the context of hybrid automata. Being mostly based on either bounded reachability or on the notion of simulation preorder, current techniques for the approximated reachability analysis force to choose between underand over-approximations. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for the reachability analysis of hybrid automata featur...

Games on graphs provide a natural and powerful model for reactive systems. In this paper, we consider generalized reachability objectives, defined as conjunctions of reachability objectives. We first prove that deciding the winner in such games is PSPACE-complete, although it is fixed-parameter tractable with the number of reachability objectives as parameter. Moreover, we consider the memory r...