A soft-x-ray Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration that makes use of the time delay introduced by diffraction gratings to conduct single-shot measurements of the linewidth of soft-x-ray laser amplifiers is proposed and analyzed. The scheme was experimentally demonstrated in the near-IR region of the spectrum by measurement of the mode separation of a semiconductor laser. A symmetric configu...

the structure of the nonaaquayttrium (iii) bromate, [y(h2o)9](bro3)3, at low temperature (100 k) has been studied by means of single-crystal x-ray diffraction. crystallography shows a hexagonal unit cell, space group p63/mmc (no. 194) with z = 2, a = b = 11.7104(11) å, c = 6.6259(5) å and v = 786.90(12) å3 at 100 k. the hydrated trivalent yttrium(iii) ion forms a tricapped trigonal prism, in wh...

in this research calcium fluoride nanoparticles and its different amount of cerium ion dopant (5%and 10%) were prepared. the mentioned nanoparticle were studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) , x-ray diffraction (xrd), absorption and photoluminescence spectra (pl) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the xrd patterns indicate a typical cubic fluorite structure and no other...

x-ray diffraction peak profile analysis was used to identify changes in the lattice distortions during isothermal aging of fe-10ni-7mn (wt. %) maraging steel. integral peak breadths were analyzed using classical williamson-hall equation taking the elastic anisotropy into account. it was found that substantial lattice distortions rise during precipitation hardening which depend strongly on the s...

background: an early diagnosis of breast cancer relates directly to an accurate treatment plan and strategy. early detection of breast cancer before its development would be a significant reduction of morbidity and mortality rates. the aim of this preliminary study is to investigate the sensitivity of wide angle x-ray diffraction (waxrd) method on women hair samples of healthy and breast cancer...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are commonly used to perform texture analysis of thin films. However, due to principle differences in data acquisition these techniques can yield disagreeing results. In this paper, we aim to highlight possible error sources with given examples for aluminum and copper thin films. INTRODUCTION Texture in materials has a large in...

Residual stresses measured by x-rays in the near surface region of polycrystalline materials are always average over a varying diffracting volume. This volume variation is due to beam tilting during a measurement and the exponential decay of x-rays during penetration. Different methods have been devised to correct this biased data. Perhaps the most used method is described in the publication Re...

Cortical bone is a composite material composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen. As HAp is a crystalline structure, an X-ray diffraction method is available to measure the strain of HAp crystals. However, HAp crystals in bone tissue have been known to have the low degree of crystallization. Authors have proposed an X-ray diffraction method to measure the lattice strain of HAp crystals from ...

A laboratory diffraction system capable of illuminating individual grains in a polycrystalline matrix is described. Using a microfocus x-ray source equipped with a tungsten anode and prefigured monocapillary optic, a micro-x-ray diffraction system with a 10 microm beam was developed. The beam profile generated by the ellipsoidal capillary was determined using the "knife edge" approach. Measurem...

A new detector system for protein crystallography is now being developed based on an X-ray HARP-FEA (high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor-field emitter array), which consists of an amorphous selenium membrane and a matrix field emitter array. The combination of the membrane avalanche effect with a single driven FEA has several advantages over currently available area detectors, ...