Comparisons of the physical and sensory properties of several commercial egg alternatives in angel food cake formulation were studied. Fourteen samples were investigated for foaming properties at 10 and 20 min whipping time: collagen, Cryogel gelatin, Solugel collagen hydroysates, gelatin, whey protein concentrate, fish protein, whey protein isolate (95% WPI, 90%WPI), hydrolyzed whey protein is...

This paper discusses cake-cutting protocols when the cake is a heterogeneous good, represented by an interval on the real line. We propose a new desirable property, the meta-envy-freeness of cake-cutting, which has not been formally considered before. Meta-envy-free means there is no envy on role assignments, that is, no party wants to exchange his/her role in the protocol with the one of any o...

The effect of substitution of black glutinous rice flour for normal wheat flour on batter and cake properties was determined. Black glutinous rice flour was used to substitute 30, 50, 70 and 100% of wheat flour in a control cake formulation. Experimental data showed that pasting temperature, peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown and setback of all black glutinous rice and mixes flour sampl...

This paper discusses cake-cutting protocols when the cake is a heterogeneous good that is represented by an interval in the real line. We propose a new desirable property, the meta-envy-freeness of cake-cutting, which has not been formally considered before. Though envy-freeness was considered to be one of the most important desirable properties, envy-freeness does not prevent envy about role a...

A laboratory-scale submerged anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater was operated to investigate the structure and distribution of the inorganic cake layer buildup on the membrane. BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and both map and line scan of energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were performed fo...

Commercially produced black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) represent a promising fish meal substitute, particularly in the context of using agricultural by-products and waste. Here, culture Hermetia maggots on five selected substrates (potato protein (P) as by-product starch production, rapeseed oil cake (R) from rape maize silage (M), soybean (S) and, control, concentrated chicken feed (C))...